GPNMB (Glembatumumab Biosimilar) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

1. loss of GPNMB, which has been implicated in melanosome formation, autophagy, phagocytosis, tissue repair, and negative regulation of inflammation, underlies autosomal-recessive Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica. PMID: 29336782
2. Study shows high GPNMB mRNA level in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Its silencing regulates the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. PMID: 29620278
3. Serum levels of GPNMB were highly correlated with accumulation of bioactive lipid substrate of Gaucher disease, glucosylsphingosine as well as established biomarkers, chitotriosidase and chemokine, CCL18. PMID: 28003098
4. Increased brain expression of GPNMB is associated with genome wide significant risk for Parkinson's disease PMID: 28391543
5. This study revealed that GPNMB aggregates are localized to the neuron, and not localized to the astrocyte and microglia and in the spinal cord of ALS patients. GPNMB has protective effects against mutant TDP-43-induced motor neuron cell death, via ERK1/2 and Akt pathway.. PMID: 27935101
6. This review will summarize the latest understanding of Gpnmb in the aspects of diagnosis, progression and prognosis of pathological disorders and neoplasms, emphasizing the clinical advances in targeting Gpnmb-expressing malignancies--{REVIEW} PMID: 29441921
7. The combination of MAPK pathway inhibitors with an antibody-drug conjugate targeting GPNMB is an effective therapeutic option. PMID: 27515299
8. High GPNMB expression is associated with enhancement of invasive behavior in lung cancer. PMID: 26883195
9. Findings suggest that MAFK and its target gene GPNMB play important roles in the malignant progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, offering potentially new therapeutic targets for TNBC patients. PMID: 28400538
10. glycoprotein non-metastatic B presented increased expression in breast cancer in vivo compared to normal breast tissue PMID: 28689015
11. Osteoactivin differential regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteases in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas to promote cancer cell invasion. PMID: 28295306
12. The GPNMB is expressed in a temporal manner during eosinophil development and delivers a proliferative signal upon activation. PMID: 28104809
13. it may be premature to conclude associations between GPNMB rs156429 and Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple system atrophy. PMID: 27132081
14. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B protein was highly expressed in the bladder cancer, which was related to the poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion in bladder cancer cells. PMID: 28443476
15. an inducer for glioma and could enhance matrix metalloproteinase activity through Wnt/beta-catenin pathway to contribute to glioma tumorigenesis PMID: 27334625
16. findings indicate that GPNMB promotes glioma growth via Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha subunits. Thus, the interaction between GPNMB and Na(+), K(+)-ATPase alpha subunits represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of brain glioblastomas. PMID: 27836549
17. Finally, we identify glycoprotein NMB as a melanocytic marker up-regulated in Tsc2-null mouse uteri and human lymphangioleiomyomatosis samples PMID: 26880751
18. The GPNMB is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for the development and progression of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obesity. PMID: 26581806
19. Osteoactivin in the extracellular matrix promotes oral squamous carcinoma cell adhesion and migration. PMID: 26636434
20. Gpnmb Is a Potential Marker for the Visceral Pathology in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease PMID: 26771826
21. GPNMB might be a surrogate marker for BC and may cross talk with the HER2 signal pathway. PMID: 26077887
22. GPNMB plays an important roles in regulating the expression of key pluripotency genes in dental pulp cells and modifying odontogenic differentiation. PMID: 26261527
23. A positive correlation between GPNMB and NRP-1 levels in human breast tumors. PMID: 25772243
24. Data shows that the expression of Gpnmb and Spp1 is highly upregulated in glioma-associated microglia/macrophages highlighting the importance of macrophages and microglia as therapeutic targets in anti-tumor treatment regimens. PMID: 25658639
25. GPNMB/OA protein expression prevents cells from apoptosis-enhancing proliferation and represents a novel modulator of the invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer cells. PMID: 25426614
26. The transcription factor MITF is a critical regulator of GPNMB expression in dendritic cells. PMID: 25889792
27. GPNMB mRNA in FLCN-related renal cell carcinomas was 23-fold more abundant than in sporadic tumors. PMID: 25594584
28. GPNMB has protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury via phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt PMID: 25010402
29. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B plays an important role in angiogenesis during hyperoxia injury PMID: 25054912
30. DC-HIL+ CD14+ HLA-DR no/low cells are a potential blood marker and therapeutic target for melanoma PMID: 24933321
31. Our data identify Gpnmb as a novel marker for obesity-induced adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and potentiator of interleukin-4 responses and point toward a crucial role for MITF in driving part of the adipose tissue macrophage phenotype. PMID: 24789918
32. GPNMB/OA acts as a critical molecular mediator promoting the acquisition of the more aggressive, pro-metastatic phenotype distinctive of human DU145 and PC3 cell lines. PMID: 24589892
33. our findings will clarify a new explanation about how GPNMB induces bone repair, and provide a potential target for bone regeneration therapeutics and bone engineering PMID: 23794283
34. the molecular basis for the distinct trafficking and morphogenetic properties of PMEL and GPNMB is the PKD domain PMID: 23452376
35. GPNMB expression was regulated by EpCAM and CSF-1 partly through their common downstream product c-myc PMID: 23924854
36. Silencing of GPNMB by siRNA inhibits the formation of melanosomes in melanocytes in a MITF-independent fashion. PMID: 22912767
37. GPNMB inhibits motor neuron death and plays a critical role in motor neuron survival. PMID: 22891158
38. Together these results suggest that GPNMB gene is a p53- and androgen-dysregulated gene and should be regarded as an anti-tumor gene for prostate cancer. PMID: 22290289
39. The abnormal expression of GPNMB may play an important role in the development of prostate cancer. PMID: 21844952
40. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours do not show immunopositivity for ERa or HMB45. PMID: 22014058
41. upregulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells by BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors PMID: 21874302
42. GPNMB increase in kidney disease was confirmed by real-time PCR after 5/6 nephrectomy, in streptozotocin-induced diabetes, and in patients with chronic kidney disease PMID: 21389974
43. Toxin-conjugated DC-HIL to abrogate the ability of Sezary syndrome cells to proliferate in vitro. PMID: 21252093
44. ADAM10 as a sheddase capable of releasing the GPNMB/OA ectodomain from the surface of breast cancer cells PMID: 20711474
45. GPNMB expression has a role in uveal melanoma PMID: 20375921
46. GPNMB expression is associated with the basal/triple-negative subtype and is a prognostic marker of poor outcome in patients with breast cancer. PMID: 20215530
47. GPNMB is a melanosomal protein that is released by proteolytic ectodomain shedding and might be a useful and specific histological marker of melanocytic cells. PMID: 20056711
48. Human OA uses the same transcriptional initiation site in both bone and kidney as was reported for melanoma cells and is expressed in osteoblast cultures at all stages of differentiation PMID: 14696968
49. cloning and analysis of two fragments in the 5' flanking region of HGFIN; studies indicate p53 cooperates with cytokine-mediated transcription factors to regulate the expression of HGFIN PMID: 15684612
50. Osteoactivin is expressed at high levels in normal and inflammatory liver macrophages suggesting a significant role in acute liver injury. PMID: 15763343

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HGNC: 4462

OMIM: 604368

KEGG: hsa:10457

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000371420

UniGene: Hs.190495