KDR (Ramucirumab Biosimilar) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

1. The findings indicate that miR-203a inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis by negatively targeting HOXD3 and suppressing cell signaling through the VEGFR pathway. PMID: 29402992
2. these results indicate that sFlt-1 up-regulation by VEGF may be mediated by the VEGF/Flt-1 and/or VEGF/KDR signaling pathways. PMID: 29497919
3. miR424 may target VEGFR2 and inhibit Hemangioma derived endothelial cell growth. PMID: 30132564
4. VEGFR2 is regulated by deSUMOylation during pathological angiogenesis. PMID: 30120232
5. This study shows that decreasing the ratio of glutathione to oxidized glutathione with diamide leads to enhanced protein S-glutathionylation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and enhanced VEGFR2 activation. PMID: 30096614
6. Study confirmed prognostic effect of EGFR and VEGFR2 for recurrent disease and survival rates in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. PMID: 30066848
7. none of the investigated VEGFR-2 gene polymorphisms was found to be an independent prognostic marker for infantile hemangioma. PMID: 29984822
8. These results suggest functional interactions among ATX, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 in the modulation of hemovascular and lymphovascular cell activation during vascular development. PMID: 30456868
9. miR-195 suppresses cell proliferation of ovarian cancer cells through regulation of VEGFR2 and AKT signaling pathways. PMID: 29845300
10. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is highly induced in retinal vascular endothelial cells under diabetic conditions. Data (including data from studies using knockout mice) suggest that TXNIP in retinal vascular endothelial cells plays role in diabetic retinal angiogenesis via VEGF/VEGFR2 and Akt/mTOR signaling. PMID: 29203232
11. Inhibition of FPR1 and/or NADPH oxidase functions prevents VEGFR2 transactivation and the triggering of the downstream signalling cascades. PMID: 29743977
12. VEGFA activates VEGFR1 homodimers and AKT, leading to a cytoprotective response, whilst abluminal VEGFA induces vascular leakage via VEGFR2 homodimers and p38 PMID: 29734754
13. association of rs519664[T] in TTC39B on 9p22 with endometriosis, is reported. PMID: 27453397
14. VEGF, VEGFR2 and GSTM1 polymorphisms in outcome of multiple myeloma patients treated with thalidomide-based regimens PMID: 28665417
15. In the in vitro tests, JFD-WS effectively inhibited HUVEC proliferation, migration, tube formation and VEGFR2 phosphorylation. Additionally, JFD-WS inhibited the formation of blood vessels in chick chorioallantoic membrane. While inhibiting the xenograft tumor growth in experimental mice, JFD-WS decreased the plasma MUC1 levels PMID: 29436685
16. The effects of Platelet-rich plasma on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and CD34 expression were evaluated using real-time PCR, flow cytometry, western blot, immunocytochemistry and pathological study, as were carried out in both human umbilical endothelial cell culture and rat skin PMID: 28948378
17. metformin's dual effect in hyperglycemia-chemical hypoxia is mediated by direct effect on VEGFR1/R2 leading to activation of cell migration through MMP16 and ROCK1 upregulation, and inhibition of apoptosis by increase in phospho-ERK1/2 and FABP4, components of VEGF signaling cascades PMID: 29351188
18. Single nucleotide polymorphism of VEGFR2 is associated with relapse in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. PMID: 29787601
19. Our data showed that ampelopsin inhibited angiogenesis with no cytotoxicity by suppressing both VEGFR2 signaling and HIF-1alpha expression. These results suggest that Hovenia dulcis Thunb. and its active compound ampelopsin exhibit potent antiangiogenic activities and therefore could be valuable for the prevention and treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases including cancer. PMID: 29039561
20. Authors demonstrated that when VEGFR2 was inhibited, NRP-1 appeared to regulate RAD51 expression through the VEGFR2-independent ABL-1 pathway, consequently regulating radiation sensitivity. In addition, the combined inhibition of VEGFR2 and NRP-1 appears to sensitize cancer cells to radiation. PMID: 29777301
21. We found that depletion of FGD5 in microvascular cells inhibited their migration towards a stable VEGFA gradient. Furthermore, depletion of FGD5 resulted in accelerated VEGFR2 degradation, which was reverted by lactacystin-mediated proteasomal inhibition. Our results thus suggest a mechanism whereby FGD5 sustains VEGFA signaling and endothelial cell chemotaxis via inhibition of proteasome-dependent VEGFR2 degradation. PMID: 28927665
22. ATG5 and phospho-KDR expression was strongly associated with the density of vasculogenic mimicry in tumors and poor clinical outcome. PMID: 28812437
23. Increased expression of VEGFR2 correlated with differentiation. PMID: 28854900
24. DDA exhibits anti-angiogenic properties through suppressing VEGF-A and VEGFR2 signaling PMID: 27517319
25. RCAN1.4 plays a novel role in regulating endothelial cell migration by establishing endothelial cell polarity in response to VEGF. PMID: 28271280
26. Anlotinib occupied the ATP-binding pocket of VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase. PMID: 29446853
27. the difference between the pro- (VEGF165a) and antiangiogenic (VEGF165b) VEGF isoforms and its soluble receptors for severity of diabetic retinopathy, is reported. PMID: 28680264
28. anlotinib inhibits the activation of VEGFR2, PDGFRbeta and FGFR1 as well their common downstream ERK signaling PMID: 29454091
29. upregulation of sVEGFR-1 with concomitant decline of PECAM-1 and sVEGFR-2 levels in preeclampsia compared to normotensive pregnancies, Irrespective of the HIV status PMID: 28609170
30. by inhibiting the phosphorylation of VEGFR2, the P18 peptide ( functional fragment of pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF)modulates signalling transduction between VEGF/VEGFR2 and suppresses activation of the PI3K/Akt cascades, leading to an increase in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and anti-angiogenic activity. PMID: 28627623
31. VEGF increases arginine transport via modulation of CAT-1 in endothelial cells. This effect is exclusively dependent on KDR rather than Flt-1. PMID: 28478454
32. this study shows that glioma stem cells-derived exosomes promote the angiogenic ability of endothelial cells through miR-21/VEGF/VEGFR2 signal pathway PMID: 28410224
33. MEG3 regulated by HIF-1alpha is required to maintain VEGFR2 expression in endothelial cells and plays a vital role for VEGFA-mediated endothelial angiogenesis. PMID: 29391273
34. Overexpression of peroxiredoxin 2 and VEGFR2 in pterygium might be involved in the pathogenesis or recurrence of pterygium. The increase of VEGFR2 might be related to the increase of peroxiredoxin 2 in response to excessive reactive oxygen species from ultraviolet exposure. PMID: 28489720
35. KDR -604T > C (rs2071559) polymorphism showed no significant association with multiple sclerosis. PMID: 28401369
36. The up-regulation of NHERF1 induced by the exposure to hypoxia in colon cancer cells depends on the activation of VEGFR2 signaling. PMID: 27999191
37. JAM-C plays an important role in maintaining VEGR2 expression to promote retinal pigment epithelial cell survival under oxidative stress. PMID: 28203682
38. Data suggest that diabetic nephropathy is associated with diminished VEGF-A levels in the kidney; VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling is influenced by the local milieu. [REVIEW] PMID: 27836681
39. this paper shows that cell-permeable iron inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 signaling and tumor angiogenesis PMID: 27589831
40. Eriocalyxin B inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis in HUVECs by suppressing VEGFR-2 signaling. PMID: 27756875
41. we found that the KDR fragment with domain 4 induced phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, as well as phosphorylation of downstream receptor kinases in HUVECs and VEGFR-2-positive breast cancer cells. PMID: 28303365
42. gremlin protects skin cells from UV damages via activating VEGFR2-Nrf2 signaling PMID: 27713170
43. Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) orchestrates the transcription of both VEGF and VEGFR2; hence, Sp1 could act as a therapeutic target. Here, we demonstrate that CF3DODA-Me induced apoptosis, degraded Sp1, inhibited the expression of multiple drivers of the blebbishield emergency program such as VEGFR2, p70S6K, and N-Myc through activation of caspase-3, inhibited reactive oxygen species; and inhibited K-Ras activation to abolis PMID: 28283889
44. Icrucumab and ramucirumab are recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibodies that bind vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR-1 and -2), respectively. VEGFR-1 activation on endothelial and tumor cell surfaces increases tumor vascularization and growth and supports tumor growth via multiple mechanisms, including contributions to angiogenesis and direct promotion of cancer cell proliferation. PMID: 28220020
45. REVIEW. the interplay among the ETS transcription factor ETV2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and its receptor VEGFR2/FLK1 is essential for hematopoietic and vascular development. Emerging studies also support the role of these three factors and possible interplay in hematopoietic and vascular regeneration. PMID: 28026128
46. DOT1L cooperates with transcription factor ETS-1 to stimulate the expression of VEGFR2, thereby activating ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways and promoting angiogenesis. PMID: 27626484
47. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of VEGFR2 dimerization and activation. PMID: 28847506
48. Cases with high MDSC infiltration, which was inversely correlated with intratumoral CD8(+) T-cell infiltration, exhibited shorter overall survival. In a mouse model, intratumoral MDSCs expressed both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. VEGF expression in ovarian cancer induced MDSCs, inhibited local immunity, and contributed to poor prognosis PMID: 27401249
49. our results illustrated that CDK5-mediated KDR phosphorylation controls prolactin pituitary adenoma progression and KDR pSer-229 serves as a potential prognostic biomarker for both noninvasive and invasive pituitary adenomas. PMID: 27438154
50. Data indicate that simultaneous targeting of molecules that control distinct phases of angiogenesis, such as ALK1 and VEGFR, is a valid strategy for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). PMID: 27248821

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HGNC: 6307

OMIM: 191306

KEGG: hsa:3791

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000263923

UniGene: Hs.479756