MAPT (PRX-005 Biosimilar) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

1. genetic manipulation of Sirt3 revealed that amyloid-beta increased levels of total tau acetylated tau through its modulation of Sirt3. PMID: 29574628
2. Data suggest that both the small heat shock protein HspB1/Hsp27 and the constitutive chaperone Hsc70/HspA8 interact with tau to prevent tau-fibril/amyloid formation. Chaperones from different families play distinct but complementary roles in prevention of tau-fibril/amyloid formation. (HspB1 = heat shock protein family B small member 1; Hsc70 = heat shock protein family A Hsp70) PMID: 29298892
3. a 2.0-kDa peptide which biochemically and immunologically resembles the injected amino terminal tau 26-44 was endogenously detected in vivo, being present in hippocampal synaptosomal preparations from Alzheimer's disease subjects. PMID: 29508283
4. Study reports the identification of new bona fide human brain circular RNAs produced from the MAPT locus. PMID: 29729314
5. TAU attaches to brain lipid membranes where it self-assembles in a cation-dependent manner. PMID: 29644863
6. Microtubule hyperacetylation enhances KL1-dependent micronucleation under a Tau deficiency in mammary epithelial cells. PMID: 30142893
7. This article presents key studies of tau in oligodendrocytes and select important studies of tau in neurons. The extensive work on tau in neurons has considerably advanced the understanding of how tau promotes either health or disease. [review] PMID: 30111714
8. Zn2 + enhances Tau aggregation-induced apoptosis and toxicity in neuronal cells. PMID: 27890528
9. Tau binds to synaptic vesicles via its N-terminal domain and interferes with presynaptic functions. PMID: 28492240
10. Study identifies a potential "two-hit" mechanism in which tau acetylation disengages tau from microtubules (MT) and also promotes tau aggregation. Thus, therapeutic approaches to limit tau K280/K281 acetylation could simultaneously restore MT stability and ameliorate tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. PMID: 28287136
11. In vitro neuroprotective effects of naringenin nanoemulsion against beta-amyloid toxicity through the regulation of amyloidogenesis and tau phosphorylation. PMID: 30001606
12. To confirm the neuroprotective role of 24-OH, in vivo experiments were run on mice that express human tau without spontaneously developing tau pathology (hTau mice), by means of the intracerebroventricular injection of 24-OH. PMID: 29883958
13. These findings suggest a relative homogeneous clinicopathological phenotype in P301L MAPT mutation carriers in our series. This phenotype might help in the differential diagnosis from other tauopathies and be a morphological hint for genetic testing. The haplotype analysis results suggest a founder effect of the P301L mutation in this area. PMID: 28934750
14. Report that the interaction of Tau with vesicles results in the formation of highly stable protein/phospholipid complexes. These complexes are toxic to primary hippocampal cultures and are detected by MC-1, an antibody recognizing pathological Tau conformations. The core of these complexes is comprised of the PHF6* and PHF6 hexapeptide motifs, the latter in a beta-strand conformation. PMID: 29162800
15. more selective group of neurons appears to be affected in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-TDP and FTLD-FUS than in FTLD-tau PMID: 28984110
16. Our data show that the hyperacetylation of Tau by p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) disfavors liquid-liquid phase separation , inhibits heparin-induced aggregation, and impedes access to LLPS-initiated microtubule assembly PMID: 29734651
17. Because neurofibrillary tangles are aberrant intracellular inclusions formed in the AD patients by hyperphosphorylated tau, it was initially proposed that phosphorylated and/or aggregated intracellular tau protein was causative of neuronal death. However, recent studies suggest a toxic role for non-phosphorylated and non-aggregated tau when it is located in the brain extracellular space. [review] PMID: 29584657
18. MAPT rs242557G/A genetic polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to sporadic AD, and individuals with a GG genotype of rs242557G/A might be at a lower risk. PMID: 29098924
19. Study indicates that there are at least two common patterns of TDP-43 and tau protein misfolding in human brain aging. In patients lacking substantial Alzheimer's disease pathology, cerebral age-related TDP-43 with sclerosis (CARTS) cases tend to have tau neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampal dentate granule neurons, providing a potential proxy indicator of CARTS. PMID: 28281308
20. Patients with Kii amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia complex (Kii ALS/PDC) had dislocated, multinucleated Purkinje cells and various tau pathologies in the cerebellum. These cerebellar abnormalities may provide new insights into the pathomechanism of Kii ALS/PDC and may provide a neuropathological marker for the condition. PMID: 28236345
21. The studies findings indicate that p.E372G is a pathogenic microtubule-associated protein tau mutation that causes microtubule-associated protein tau similar to p.G389R. PMID: 27529406
22. Solven ionic strength, temperature and polarity altered tau conformation dynamics. PMID: 29630971
23. MAPT alternative splicing is associated with Neurodegenerative Diseases. PMID: 29634760
24. High tau expression is associated with blood vessel abnormalities and angiogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 29358399
25. We identified common splice factors hnRNP F and hnRNP Q regulating the haplotype-specific splicing of MAPT exon 3 through intronic variants rs1800547 and rs17651213 PMID: 29084565
26. Cognitive impairment in progressive supranuclear palsy is associated with severity of progressive supranuclear palsy-related tau pathology. PMID: 29082658
27. These observations indicate the ability of QUE to decrease tau protein hyperphosphorylation and thereby attenuate the associated neuropathology... these results support the potential of QUE as a therapeutic agent for AD and other neurodegenerative tauopathies. PMID: 29207020
28. Increasing microtubule acetylation rescues human tau-induced microtubule defects and neuromuscular junction abnormalities in Drosophila. PMID: 28819043
29. The findings reveal the ability of Bin1 to modify actin dynamics and provide a possible mechanistic connection between Bin1 and tau-induced pathobiological changes of the actin cytoskeleton. PMID: 28893863
30. We find that both the generation of Abeta and the responsiveness of TAU to A-beta are affected by neuronal cell type, with rostral neurons being more sensitive than caudal neurons. PMID: 29153990
31. The results of the current study indicate that variations in microtubule-associated protein tau influence cognition in progressive supranuclear palsy. PMID: 29076559
32. The identification of mutations in MAPT, the gene that encodes tau, causing dementia and parkinsonism established the notion that tau aggregation is responsible for the development of disease. PMID: 28789904
33. CSF tau proteins and their index differentiated between Alzheimer's disease or other dementia patients and cognitively normal subjects, while CSF levels of neurofilaments expressed as their index seem to contribute to the discrimination between patients with neuroinflammation and normal controls or AD patients PMID: 28947837
34. Comparison of the distributions of tau pTyr18 and double-phosphorylated Syk in the transgenic mouse brain and human hippocampus showed that the phosphorylation of tyrosine 18 in tau already occurs at an early stage of tauopathy and increases with the progression of neurodegeneration. Syk appears unlikely to be a major kinase that phosphorylates tyrosine 18 of tau at the early stage of tauopathy. PMID: 28919467
35. Study confirmed that Western diet did not exacerbate tau pathology in hTau mice, observed that voluntary treadmill exercise attenuates tau phosphorylation, and reported that caloric restriction seems to exacerbate tau aggregation compared to control and obese hTau mice. PMID: 28779908
36. Study showed a gradual accumulation of nuclear tau in human cells during aging and its general co-localization with the DAPI-positive heterochromatin, which seems to be related to aging pathologies (neurodegenerative or cancerous diseases), where nuclear AT100 decreases drastically, a condition very evident in the more severe stages of the diseases. PMID: 28974363
37. Methamphetamine can impair the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway and induce neuronal apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress, which is mainly mediated by abnormal CDK5-regulated Tau phosphorylation. PMID: 29705343
38. Aha1 colocalized with tau pathology in brain tissue, and this association positively correlated with Alzheimer disease progression. PMID: 28827321
39. Assessed the subcellular localization of tau45-230 fragment using tau45-230-GFP-transfected hippocampal neurons as well as neurons in which this fragment was endogenously generated under experimental conditions that induced neurodegeneration. Results suggested that tau45-230 could exert its toxic effects by partially blocking axonal transport along microtubules, contributing to the early pathology of Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 28844006
40. frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 tau with a mutation in the C-terminal region had different banding patterns, indicating a different phosphorylation pattern. PMID: 27641626
41. Study demonstrated the presence of the smaller Tau isoform (352 amino acids), whose amount increases in differentiated SK-N-BE cells, with Tau-1/AT8 nuclear distribution related to the differentiation process. PMID: 29684490
42. In primary-culture fetal astrocytes, streptozotocin increases phosphorylation of Tau at Ser396. alpha-boswellic acid reduced hyperphosphorylated tau (Ser404). Interruption in astroglial Reelin/Akt/Tau signaling pathways may have a role in Alzheimer disease. PMID: 27567921
43. Screening of MAPT, GRN and CHCHD10 genes in Chinese patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) identified about 4.9% mutation carriers. Among the known FTD causative genes tested, MAPT and CHCHD10 play the most important roles in Chinese patients with sporadic FTD. PMID: 28462717
44. Data show that aggregation of the Tau protein correlates with destabilization of the turn-like structure defined by phosphorylation of Ser202/Thr205. PMID: 28784767
45. deletion or inhibition of the cytoplasmic shuttling factor HDAC6 suppressed neuritic tau bead formation in neurons. PMID: 28854366
46. We propose that the H2 haplotype, which expresses reduced 4R tau compared with the H1 haplotype, may exert a protective effect as it allows for more fluid mitochondrial movement along axons with high energy requirements, such as the dopaminergic neurons that degenerate in PD. PMID: 28689993
47. Results find that overexpression of hTau increases intracellular calcium, which in turn activates calpain-2 and induces degradation of alpha4 nAChR. PMID: 27277673
48. when misfolded tau assemblies enter the cell, they can be detected and neutralized via a danger response mediated by tau-associated antibodies and the cytosolic Fc receptor tripartite motif protein 21 (TRIM21) PMID: 28049840
49. stress granules and TIA-1 play a central role in the cell-to-cell transmission of Tau pathology. PMID: 27460788
50. clinicopathologic study shows inter- and intra-familial clinicopathologic heterogeneity of FTDP-17 due to MAPT p.P301L mutation, including globular glial tauopathy in one patient. PMID: 27859539

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HGNC: 6893

OMIM: 157140

KEGG: hsa:4137

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000340820

UniGene: Hs.101174