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Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro, in the presence or in the absence of BRCA1-BARD1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, catalyzes the synthesis of 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Does not transfer ubiquitin directly to but elongates monoubiquitinated substrate protein. Mediates the selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins, such as the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded lumenal proteins. Ubiquitinates huntingtin. May mediate foam cell formation by the suppression of apoptosis of lipid-bearing macrophages through ubiquitination and subsequence degradation of p53/TP53. Proposed to be involved in ubiquitination and proteolytic processing of NF-kappa-B; in vitro supports ubiquitination of NFKB1. In case of infection by cytomegaloviruses may be involved in the US11-dependent degradation of MHC class I heavy chains following their export from the ER to the cytosol. In case of viral infections may be involved in the HPV E7 protein-dependent degradation of RB1.
Gene References into Functions
The crystal structure of a Ube2K~ubiquitin conjugate has been described, and it was shown that even though it is monomeric, Ube2K can synthesize Lys48-linked ubiquitin chains. PMID: 26592444
Hip2, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, can overcome radiation-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and trigger the entry into mitosis. PMID: 23933584
An extract of bark from the tropical rainforest plant Byrsonima crassifolia was screened for inhibition of diubiquitin formation by the human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-25K. PMID: 22164771
one of the roles of the C-terminal UBA domain, in the context of E2-25K, is to increase processivity in Lys48-linked polyubiquitin chain synthesis, possibly through increased binding to the ubiquitinated substrate. PMID: 21281599
Results suggest that the interaction between E2-25K and UBB(+1) is critical for the synthesis and accumulation of UBB(+1)-anchored polyubiquitin, which results in proteasomal inhibition and neuronal cell death. PMID: 20826778
This study suggests that Hip2 might be involved in the regulation of Smac-mediated apoptosis. PMID: 20537984
Results suggest that in permeabilized, US11-expressing cells polyubiquitination of the MHC class I heavy chain substrate can be catalyzed by E2-25K. PMID: 16868077
E2-25K is involved in aggregate formation of expanded polyglutamine proteins and polyglutamine-induced cell death. PMID: 17092742
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Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm.
Protein Families
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in all tissues tested, including spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, ovary, small intestine, colon, peripheral blood leukocytes, T-lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and bone marrow mononuclear cells. Highly expressed in brain, with highest leve