Recombinant Human Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (ADCYAP1)

1. that perturbations in the PACAP-PAC1R pathway may be involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathology PMID: 28926110
2. Results have suggested that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), but predominantly VIP, induce neuroblastoma differentiation into benign form by regulating hypoxia-inducible factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression and distribution. PMID: 29699729
3. human migraine models have shed light on the importance of PACAP38 in the pathophysiology of primary headaches PMID: 29453754
4. PACAP stimulated repairing of corneal endothelium lesion as shown by wound healing analysis. PMID: 29126993
5. Studies suggest that the level of stress and circulating gonadal hormones may differentially regulate the PACAPergic system in males and females to influence anxiety-like behavior and may be one mechanism underlying the discrepancies in human psychiatric disorders. [Review Article] PMID: 28610473
6. Study indicates that both exogenous and endogenous pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide plays a regulatory role in small intestinal cells, but this is restricted to certain conditions, such as type of stressor and timing of application. PMID: 28698051
7. Some abnormalities of the PACAP system are evident in the brains of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome infants. PMID: 28392470
8. Study found that interictal serum PACAP levels are not increased (or decreased) in a large series of chronic migraine women when compared to matched controls without a headache history PMID: 27634731
9. An association was found in a common variant of the PACAP receptor in patients with cluster headache. PMID: 27957625
10. It has potent neuroprotective and neuroregenerative functions. (review) PMID: 27324639
11. PACAP-38 is released in plasma during attacks of episodic cluster headache patients. PMID: 27475101
12. Hypermethylation of ADCYAP1 gene may be highly associated with the development of cervical cancer. PMID: 26552048
13. This review provides an overview of current knowledge regarding the neuroprotective effects, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential of PACAP in response to ischemic brain injuries PMID: 26275482
14. PACAP is involved in the pathogenesis of migraine rather than tension-type headache PMID: 26296898
15. PACAP38-PAC1 signaling process initiates bone marrow-derived cells homing into the ischemic brain for reducing brain injury. PMID: 25523790
16. Results suggest that PACAP could protect SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells against toxicity induced by inflammatory mediators. PMID: 24740430
17. PACAP released from retinal neural cells (photoreceptors or optic nerve cells) may regulate Sema4A expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells and thereby contribute to the maintenance of retinal structure and function. PMID: 25515530
18. The Asp54Gly (rs2856966) variant in the PACAP gene was associated with better treatment outcome. PMID: 23972788
19. PACAP level in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with severe traumatic brain injury PMID: 25017241
20. Deficits in PACAP were associated with clinical severity in the mild cognitive impairment and dementia stages of Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 25599520
21. PACAP as a negative regulator of CLU PMID: 25451228
22. This review will summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms by which PACAP modulates gonadotrope function, with a focus on interactions with GnRH. PMID: 24095645
23. Data suggest that two closely related neuroprotective peptides, pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), are up-regulated in neurons/immune cells after injury and/or inflammation. [REVIEW] PMID: 23517078
24. The close relationship between PACAP reduction and the severity of AD pathology suggests that downregulation of PACAP may contribute to AD pathogenesis. PMID: 24719484
25. PACAP-mediated ERK phosphorylation was dependent on receptor internalization in the cytoplasm and nucleus. PMID: 24696141
26. This review focuses on role of PACAP in brain development and potential implications in human neurodevelopmental disorders. PMID: 24220567
27. This is the first study that has provided evidence of a clear association between migraine phases (ictal and interictal) and plasma PACAP-38-LI alterations. PMID: 23598374
28. PACAP and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) may influence the course of multiple sclerosis. PMID: 24041830
29. [review] PACAP contributes uniquely to the functioning of the splanchnic-adrenal synapse in stress; PACAP is released only at high frequencies of stimulation, and its role regulating epinephrine secretion and biosynthesis is highly specialized. PMID: 22610912
30. Either PACAP or VIP were able to recover the retinal pigment epithelial barrier hyperpermeability and the reduced transepithelial electrical resistance. PMID: 23220033
31. [review] PACAP may be involved in the symptoms characteristic of women diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PMID: 23147486
32. PACAP38 was significantly higher in human colostrum samples than in the transitional & mature milk. It stayed the same for the first 10 months, then increased up to the examined 17th monthsuggesting a potential role in the development of newborn. PMID: 22539193
33. PACAP, acting at several levels, influences the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors in favor of anti-apoptosis, thereby providing protection in oxidative stress-induced injury of human retinal pigment epithelial cells. PMID: 22644900
34. Higher concentrations of PACAP in follicular fluid correlate with fewer developing oocytes after superovulation. Low ones might correlate with a markedly higher number of ova retrieved, predicting likelihood of hyperstimulation syndrome. PMID: 22415357
35. Lung & colon cancers had significantly less PACAP-38 & PACAP-27 in tumor & peripheral samples compared with normal. Both PACAP forms were higher in ischemic & valvulvar heart disease cardiomyocytes. PMID: 22648511
36. PACAP-38 treatment of NCI-H838 or H1299 cells significantly increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of PYK-2. PACAP-27 increased cytosolic Ca(2+). PMID: 22581436
37. Although exogenous PACAP increased sperm motility, endogenous PACAP could not be detected in human seminal fluid samples. PMID: 22638857
38. Data suggest that promoter activity of the 80-bp fragment might be involved in the testis-specific gene expression of PACAP. PMID: 20500521
39. Addition of PACAP to human lung cancer cells significantly increases tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or paxillin. PMID: 21898124
40. We hypothesized that PACAP plays a role in the activation of parasympathetic cranial outflow during migraine attacks PMID: 22108610
41. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 38 ameliorated renal tubular injury, and reduced oxidative injury PMID: 21383633
42. Our MALDI TOF and MALDI TOF/TOF spectrometry results show that PACAP38 is present in all of the follicular fluid samples, and PACAP-like immunoreactivity was also measured by radioimmunoassay. PMID: 21259400
43. hypermethylation in the ADCYAP1 promoter is responsible for the transcriptional silencing of the ADCYAP1 gene in cervical cancer cells PMID: 21109983
44. data suggest that perturbations in the PACAP-PAC1 pathway are involved in abnormal stress responses underlying post-traumatic stress disorder PMID: 21350482
45. PACAP38-LI levels show sensitive change during normal pregnancy and delivery. Our findings suggest that the fetal organs actively synthesize PACAP. PMID: 20671407
46. Data describe neurons and nerve fibers of intestinal plexuses containing vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and neuropeptide Y in pathologically changed parts of the large intestine in intestinal cancer. PMID: 20675276
47. These results suggest that p53 plays a pivotal role in decreased integrin-mediated extracellular matrix component expression in cisplatin-induced tubule cell apoptosis, and reveal a novel aspect of PACAP-mediated renoprotection. PMID: 20034524
48. LH causes a transient stimulation of PACAP & PAC(1)-R expression & PACAP stimulates progesterone production in human luteinized granulosa cells, suggesting possible role of PACAP as a local ovarian regulator in luteinization. PMID: 19926922
49. PACAP markedly reduces oxidative DNA stress and hippocampal CA1 neuronal death following transient global ischemia. PMID: 20133634
50. PACAP signaling might contribute to the pathogenesis of MDD. PMID: 19914336

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HGNC: 241

OMIM: 102980

KEGG: hsa:116

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000411658

UniGene: Hs.531719