Recombinant Human Proenkephalin-A (PENK)

1. High PENK is associated with increased risk of CKD defined by eGFR in men, but not in women. No association of PENK with CKD defined by urinary albumin excretion UAE was observed. PMID: 29466891
2. These results demonstrate that proinflammatory molecules and endogenous enkephalin have opposite gene regulation during Dry eye disease. PMID: 29673232
3. These data indicate that in untrained women exercise training will not change resting of plasma Peptide F concentrations unless both forms of exercise are performed but will result in significant increases in the immediate post-exercise responses. PMID: 28263851
4. The concentration of PENK 143-183 was significantly greater in patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD) than control patients and decreased in an age-dependent manner in MMD. PMID: 29030229
5. Peptide F is bound to white blood cells in the blood. Exercise alters Peptide F in the plasma and white blood cell blood fractions. PMID: 23395721
6. Nav1.7 deletion has profound effects on gene expression, leading to an upregulation of enkephalin precursor Penk mRNA and met-enkephalin protein in sensory neurons. PMID: 26634308
7. The PENK polymorphism-and potentially opioid neurotransmission more generally-modulates functioning and structural integrity of brain regions. PMID: 26164485
8. Serum PENK-A levels were not associated with all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and its association with cardiovascular mortality was strongly attenuated after accounting for all traditional risk factors. PMID: 26218633
9. BSP demonstrated that emodin, to a certain degree, affected the demethylation of tumor-suppressor genes P16, RASSF1A, and ppENK in the pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1. PMID: 25891176
10. increased plasma PENK-A levels are associated with disease severity and in-hospital mortality after acute intracerebral hemorrhage. PMID: 24937654
11. enhanced plasma proenkephalin A could be a useful, complementary tool to predict short- or long-term clinical outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. PMID: 24937655
12. EPS led to the discovery of two novel immunomodulatory proteins, MFAP5 and PENK that when administered to mice subjected to endotoxemic shock, reversed the cytokine storm and provided a significant survival benefit PMID: 24496384
13. Data from women undergoing hysterectomy for uterine fibroids suggest that uterine isthmian-cervical region exhibits nerve fibers expressing enkephalin (ENK); uterine fundus/corpus myoma pseudocapsules do not exhibit nerve fibers expressing ENK. PMID: 23937196
14. Expression of preproenkephalin is significantly decreased in brain from HIV-1 infected patients compared to HIV-1 negative subjects. PMID: 22391864
15. The findings suggest an important role for Neuroticism as an endophenotype linking PENK polymorphisms to cannabis-dependence vulnerability synergistically amplifying the apparent genetic risk. PMID: 22745721
16. found higher levels for MOR mRNA (+27%) in schizophrenia but no differences in DOR or proenkephalin mRNAs PMID: 21810780
17. Differential tertiary conformations of PE subdomains undergo ordered proteolytic processing to generate active enkephalin peptides for cell-cell communication in the nervous and endocrine systems. PMID: 22102294
18. we demonstrated reduced ppE expression in patients with elevated psychological distress. PMID: 20628265
19. indicate alterations of the cerebral PENK A- and PTA-system in both, dementia and acute neuroinflammatory disorders PMID: 20207019
20. Results suggest that methylation-related inactivation of the ppENK gene is an intermediate or late event during pancreatic carcinogenesis. PMID: 12000709
21. Proenkephalin peptide F has varying immunoreactivity in different circulatory biocompartments after exercise PMID: 16406203
22. Proenkephalin A 119-159 is a stable proenkephalin A precursor fragment identified in human circulation PMID: 16621157
23. The discrete cell-phenotype localization and timing of the changes in the level of PEA and of piGABA-R mRNA. PMID: 17074347
24. Smoking was not associated with p16 or ppENK hypermethylation in pancreatic cancer patients PMID: 17198183
25. study provides evidence that the growth-responsive nuclear protein, proenkephalin (Penk), is required, in part, for apoptosis induction, in response to activation or overexpression of p53 and RelA(p65) PMID: 17599100
26. It found widespread expression of preproenkephalin (pPENK) mRNA and production of the enkephalin precursor protein proenkephalin (PENK) in rat and mouse tissues, as well as in tissues and cells from humans and pigs. PMID: 18082911

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HGNC: 8831

OMIM: 131330

KEGG: hsa:5179

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000324248

UniGene: Hs.339831