Recombinant Human Translocator protein (TSPO)

1. An increase in the expression levels of Tspo mRNA is not necessarily a good diagnostic biomarker in most cancers with changes not being large enough to be significantly different when detected by in situ hybridisation. PMID: 30044440
2. Suggest that altered TSPO distribution in the cerebellum, and potentially in other regions (e.g. the hippocampus), may be a marker of pathophysiology in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID: 27387599
3. Effects of genetic variants in the TSPO gene on protein structure and stability PMID: 29641545
4. PET study found increased TSPO availability, suggestive of predominantly microglial activation, in the anterior cingulate cortex during a moderate to severe major depressive episode. A potential contribution of suicidality to the elevated TSPO in major depressive disorder warrants further research in adequately powered studies. PMID: 28939116
5. Study found significantly lower levels of activated microglia in the brains of living alcohol dependent subjects compared to healthy controls as measured with [11C]PBR28 PET. Importantly, exploratory analyses suggest that lower [11C]PBR28 VT values are associated with greater alcohol dependence severity and more reported drinks per day over the previous month. PMID: 28242869
6. Authors investigate the function of TSPO in cholesterol efflux from the RPE cells. We demonstrate in RPE cells that TSPO specific ligands promoted cholesterol efflux to acceptor (apo)lipoprotein and human serum, while loss of TSPO resulted in impaired cholesterol efflux. PMID: 28973423
7. suggest that both of the most important proapoptotic and anticancer proteins, p53 and TSPO PMID: 26378498
8. Study shows that fibromyalgia patients with the translocator protein high affinity binding genotype reported a higher pain intensity and more severe fibromyalgia symptoms compared to mixed/low affinity binders, and this was modulated by interaction with the serotonin transporter gene. PMID: 27448744
9. Genome-wide significant (GWS) associations in single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based tests (P < 5 x 10(-8)) were identified for SNPs in PFDN1/HBEGF, USP6NL/ECHDC3, and BZRAP1-AS1. PMID: 28183528
10. TSPO mutations in rats and a human polymorphism impair the rate of steroid synthesis. PMID: 29074640
11. Findings suggest lower glial density or an altered activation state with lower TSPO expression in the hippocampus of alcohol dependent patients. PMID: 28072413
12. demonstrate a consistent down-regulation of TSPO mRNA and protein in macrophages activated to a pro-inflammatory, or 'M1' phenotype PMID: 28968465
13. These findings have important implications for understanding the biology of TSPO in activated macrophages and microglia in humans. PMID: 28530125
14. TSPO may serve a range of functions that can be viewed as downstream regulatory effects of its primary, evolutionary conserved role in cell metabolism and energy production. PMID: 28103132
15. We report for the first time, to our knowledge, the kinetic properties of the novel third-generation TSPO PET ligand (18)F-GE180 in humans: 2TCM4k is the optimal method to quantify the brain uptake, 90 min is the optimal scan length, and the Logan approach could be used to generate parametric maps. Although these control subjects have shown relatively low VT, the methodology presented here forms the basis for quantificati PMID: 27261523
16. demonstrate rapid decrease in TSPO binding to the high affinity site induced by exposure to cigarette smoke PMID: 27939322
17. Study shows that TSPO's mitochondrial functions include modulation of nuclear gene expression via mitochondrial-nuclear signaling which can suggests whereby TSPO can control several vital cell functions, which has major implications for the whole organism in health and disease. PMID: 28387723
18. TSPO is an ancient bacterial receptor/stress sensor that has developed additional interactions, partners, and roles in its mitochondrial outer membrane environment in eukaryotes. PMID: 27074410
19. Unlike the strictly mitochondrial localisation of PBR/TSPO, PBR-S (isoform which lacks exon 2) has a punctate distribution throughout the cytosol that co-localises with lysosomes in HeLa, HEK-293, MDA-MB-231, BJ and U87-MG cells. PMID: 28263860
20. [(18)F]PBR102 and [(18)F]PBR111 have distinct metabolic profiles in rat and non-human primates. Radiometabolites contributed to non-specific binding and confounded in vivo brain analysis of [(18)F]PBR102 in rodents; the impact in primates was less pronounced. Both [(18)F]PBR102 and [(18)F]PBR111 are suitable for PET imaging of TSPO in vivo. In vitro metabolite studies can be used to predict in vivo radioligand metabolism PMID: 27699720
21. the epigenetic regulation of TSPO PMID: 28004979
22. the effects of PK11195 on meningioma were associated the decrease of allopregnanolone biosynthesis, which was mediated by TSPO. PMID: 26835706
23. Study demonstrates that TSPO has an anti-inflammatory role in endothelial activation through the inhibition of VCAM1 and regulation of mitochondrial function in endothelial cells. PMID: 26608360
24. Study focuses on the current understanding of TSPO interplay with reactive oxygen species and the voltage-dependent anion channel to which it binds, in the regulation of cell mitophagy. [review] PMID: 26551691
25. The authors discuss findings about TSPO and its function in the steroidogenesis which are inconclusive at this time. [Review] PMID: 26551695
26. Studies confirmed that TSPO expression increases with tumor grade in astrocytomas but also that some overlap exists between Low-grade and anaplastic lesions. PMID: 26551696
27. This work implicates TSPO in the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane integrity and in the control of mitochondrial ROS production, ultimately favoring tissue regeneration. PMID: 27054921
28. differential expression in children with allergic asthma PMID: 25979194
29. We conclude that ScBsAbAgn-2/TSPO targeting of glioblastoma cell lines can be achieved in vitro and in vivo. PMID: 26898800
30. Exposure of cells to CS resulted in alternation of biomolecules expressed by CLs peroxidation, reduction of TSPO binding, and depletion of the mitochondrial potential. This irreversible damage was enhanced in the presence of saliva PMID: 25968977
31. Study show that TSPO is highly expressed in human glioma and correlates with grade and represents a promising target in human glioma imaging for detection and staging. PMID: 26517124
32. Elevations in microglial activity can be measured in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) using radioligands specific for the 18kD translocator-protein (TSPO), which is expressed on microglia. PMID: 26472628
33. Our preliminary results suggest that TSPO brain imaging in GBM may be a useful tool for predicting tumor progression at follow-up and may be less susceptible to changes in blood-brain barrier permeability than (18)F-FET. PMID: 26182972
34. Data suggest that TSPO expression is tightly associated with metabolic state of adipocytes and differentiation of preadipocytes into white/brown adipocytes; TSPO expression may improve metabolic status of adipocytes and regulate glucose homeostasis. PMID: 26123521
35. Our findings highlight TSPO as a candidate for future investigations of antipsychotic-induced weight gain, and support the involvement of mitochondrial membrane components in this serious treatment side effect. PMID: 25560467
36. TSPO is a biomarkers that can predict recovery from brain injury and myocarditis PMID: 25123025
37. Data indicate that variation in the translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) gene affects susceptibility to topic dermatitis (AD). PMID: 24998961
38. This study identifies key cholesterol binding enhancement motif in translocator protein 18 kDa. PMID: 25635829
39. Results show that TSPO is involved in cell death induction by NH4Cl; TSPO ligands, depending on their concentration, bimodally modulated NH4Cl-induced toxicity PMID: 24168369
40. As demonstrated within a group of stroke and GBM patients, (123)I-CLINDE SPECT can be used for quantitative assessment of TSPO expression in vivo PMID: 25453044
41. it appears that 10(-5) M FGIN-1-27 reduces cell viability, cell metabolism, and mitochondrial function. PMID: 24532136
42. TSPO expression is able to distinguish differences in the severity of myocarditis between male subjects and female subjects. PMID: 24402571
43. Increased TSPO expression and microglial activation are not associated with cocaine abuse. PMID: 25057196
44. Data indicate that targeting 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) reduces macrophage lipid content and prevents macrophage foam cell formation. PMID: 24814875
45. These findings suggest that TSPO is highly expressed in reactive retinal microglia and a promising target to control microglial reactivity during retinal degeneration. PMID: 24397957
46. Both IRF-4 and IBP might be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. PMID: 22528235
47. XBD173 blockade provides a practical means of estimating VND for TSPO targeting radioligands. PMID: 24643083
48. data indicate a nominal association between the rs6971 SNP in the TSPO gene and the diagnosis of BD. PMID: 23942012
49. The mitochondrial TSPO protein inhibits HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein biosynthesis via the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein. degradation pathway PMID: 24403586
50. PET imaging with [11C]PBR28 in subjects with mild-to-moderate depression and C-reactive protein levels <5 mg/L do not show that depressed subjects have neuroinflammation or microglial activation. PMID: 23850810

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HGNC: 1158

OMIM: 109610

KEGG: hsa:706

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000328973

UniGene: Hs.202