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As an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, this protein is thought to serve an important physiological role as a local regulator of this enzyme activity.
Gene References into Functions
Urinary cystatin-C levels were increased in type 2 diabetic patients with early diabetic nephropathy. PMID: 29673928
Age and cystatin C were found to be significant risk factors for cardiovascular events in a pre-diabetic cohort. PMID: 29661604
Increased cystatin C levels may be associated with enhanced risks of composite endpoints in patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention PMID: 29891036
Data suggest that kinetics of degradation/proteolysis versus of aggregation of amyloid beta(1-40) and amyloid beta(1-42) at specific concentrations of amyloid beta, cathepsin B, and cystatin C can be modeled and predicted. PMID: 29046353
Serum CysC, at the time of CRRT (Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy cessation), is an independent predictor of the successful weaning from CRRT in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. PMID: 29870981
The serum levels of cystatin C and urine NGAL, urine OPN can be used as a good marker for assessing the renal effect of obesity which can lead end stage renal disease in pediatric population. PMID: 30035656
The average of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRave) based on creatinine (eGFRcre) and eGFR based on cystatin C (eGFRcys) best predicted the exacerbation of renal function in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). PMID: 29086660
Studied serum Cystatin C as a biomarker in bladder urothelial neoplasm; results found serum Cystatin C not to be a reliable marker in predicting bladder urothelial tumors tumorigenesis and clinicopathological characteristics. PMID: 29789781
bladder cancer (BCa) patients have lower serum cysC concentration than the control group. Serum cysC may be considered as a potential marker of BCa but not its aggressiveness. PMID: 29749360
Postoperative serum Cystatin C, IL-18 and Uric acid after 24h were significantly associated with acute kidney injury PMID: 29627485
Serum CysC is a strong predictor of AKI and the short-term prognosis of CCU patients. PMID: 29179178
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations in the urine and serum on the second day of intensive care unit admission could be used to predict the development of acute kidney injury in the following three to seven days in the intensive care unit; however, the cystatin C concentration did not have predictive value PMID: 28142264
Study demonstrated that the binding of CST3 and PSAP decreased the inhibitory effects of CST3 on proteinase in vitro. The co-localization of both proteins was detected in cultured cells and in Bunina body-containing motor neurons from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, suggesting that they might be involved in the process of Bunina body formation. PMID: 29249381
elevated cystatin C is independently associated with adverse vascular outcomes in people with suspected or established CAD in terms of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and total adverse vascular events [meta-analysis] PMID: 28599259
Cognitive function was significantly and inversely associated with cystatin C and microalbuminuria, in the relatively younger general Japanese population. PMID: 28865325
This paper discusses the current findings regarding the role of Cyst C in cancer progression and the clinical implications emerging from these studies--{review} PMID: 29654808
We enrolled 43 stable coronary artery disease (CAD) male patients to examine the relationship between cystatin C-adiponectin (CysC-APN) complex and coronary plaque characteristics. In multivariate analysis, CysC-APN complex levels were identified as the strongest negative factor for fibrotic components and the strongest positive factor for both necrotic and lipidic plus necrotic components. PMID: 28321013
Urinary cystatin C is an independent risk predictor in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID: 28778467
serum Cys-C levels predict renal function in patients with prostate neoplasia, but were not a biomarker for the development of prostate neoplasia, and were not correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer . PMID: 28812020
There were no associations between serum cysC levels and renal involvement in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. PMID: 25367815
cystatin-C should be considered an early biomarker of AKI PMID: 28552392
CysC is as an early acute kidney injury biomarker and predictive of persistent acute kidney injury on aminoglycoside treatment. PMID: 27743042
Cystatin C may be considered a biological marker for vascular dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis in SCD. PMID: 27582023
Serum cystatin C level was significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. An increase in cystatin C level could be a valuable surrogate marker for the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PMID: 29090609
Mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction modifies the relationship between CysC and high-risk coronary lesion, but not NGAL. PMID: 27680774
Increasing cystatin C and cathepsin B reported in serum of colorectal cancer patients. PMID: 28182342
Both cystatin C and beta 2 macroglobulin are elevated in type 2 diabetics with diabetic nephropathy. Cystatin C may be useful in the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy PMID: 28182344
Results from nuclear magnetic resonance structural data and molecular dynamics modeling point to conformational requirements and special importance of some amino acid residues in cystatin 3 C-terminal for the its interaction with amyloid beta fragments. PMID: 27714883
The findings of the current studies may be important for future design of hCC dimerization inhibitors. PMID: 27573935
High cystatin C was associated with increased risk of mortality but not with poor functional outcome in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. PMID: 27578255
this results identified cystatin 3 as a biomarker in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis PMID: 28633877
Serum and urine levels of cystatin C were significantly higher in children with acute kidney injury. [Review and Meta-Analysis] PMID: 28372557
serum level in acute kidney injury patients helps predict risk of chronic kidney disease stage 3 PMID: 27658322
Circulating CysC and Gal-3 were associated with greater left atrial dilatation in patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. PMID: 28830298
Application of the cystatin C-based equations most accurately estimate glomerular filtration rate in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease. PMID: 27125433
This study tested the utility of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C (CysC) in addition to standard creatinine for early determination of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) After Heart Operations Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass. The results support the notion that CysC and NGAL should be viewed as comparable for early AKI detection. PMID: 27862029
The strong association between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and cystatin C demonstrated herein indicates that EAT accumulation may play an important role in Cystatin C secretion, possibly contributing to cardiometabolic risk in T2DM patients. PMID: 28922364
A high CysC level had predictive value regarding the severity of vascular lesions in acute coronary syndrome. PMID: 28143410
Elevated levels of cystatin C were detected in early diagnosis of right heart failure in patients with systemic sclerosis. PMID: 27414726
biomarker of renal dysfunction, acute-on-chronic liver failure, and hepatorenal syndrome in decompensated liver cirrhosis PMID: 28545169
Data suggest that melanoma cells internalize/absorb cystatin C from culture media, leading to increased intracellular cystatin C levels; cystatin E/M is internalized as well but at modest rate due to down-regulation of cell migration; however, the effect of intracellular cystatin E/M on down-regulation of legumain activity is pronounced. PMID: 28630039
An elevated preoperative Cys-C level was demonstrated to be related with worse survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma(RCC). Measuring preoperative serum Cys-C might be a simple way for finding poor prognostic patients and patients with elevated preoperative Cys-C level should be more closely followed up PMID: 28586363
Acute kidney injury is common following deliberate self-poisoning with a combination washing powder containing oxalic acid and potassium permanganate and cystatin C monitoring may under estimate the severity of poisoning. PMID: 28535124
Cystatin C significantly decreased the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated release and expression of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in monocyte and peripheral blood mononuclear cultures from healthy donors and Crohn's patients. Cystatin C was internalized by monocytes via an active endocytic process, decreased phosphorylation of the MAP kinase pathway ERK-1/2, and altered surface markers. PMID: 27190304
Fibrillation of CysC therefore likely initiates from the monomer and does not require domain-swapping. The non-swapped oligomers likely represent a dead-end offshoot of the amyloid pathway and must dissociate to monomers prior to rearranging to amyloid fibrils. These prefibrillar CysC oligomers were potent inhibitors of aggregation of the Alzheimer's-related peptide, beta-amyloid. PMID: 28487367
CysC plays an important regulatory role in combating cell death via the autophagic pathway in atherosclerosis. PMID: 27079462
Data show that cystatin C deposition in minimally affected samples was limited to the basement membrane (BM) between the dermis and epidermis. PMID: 28067897
Urinary cystatin C levels in the acute kidney injury (AKI) preterm infant group were not significantly higher than in no-AKI group on day of life 1, 3 and 7. PMID: 27020372
Serum cystatin C level was found to be associated with the development and worsening of AKI [Acute kidney injury ] in ICU [intensive care unit ] patients with sepsis. PMID: 28332367
Elevated cystatin C levels at admission were independently associated with impaired myocardial perfusion, poor cardiac functional recovery and development of congestive heart failure in patients with anterior STEMI undergoing PCI. PMID: 26498756
Expressed in submandibular and sublingual saliva but not in parotid saliva (at protein level). Expressed in various body fluids, such as the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Expressed in highest levels in the epididymis, vas deferens, brain, thymus, and ov