GLUL Antibody, FITC conjugated

1. findings reveal that, in addition to the known formation of glutamine, the enzyme glutamine synthetase shows unknown activity in endothelial cell migration during pathological angiogenesis through RHOJ palmitoylation PMID: 30158707
2. In silico analysis potentially links GLUL SNPs with major depression disorder. PMID: 29441491
3. The SNP rs10911021 near glutamate-ammonia ligase is associated with oxidative stress in coronary heart disease patients from Pakistan. PMID: 29304826
4. ASCT2 was significantly overexpressed in the gastric cancer (GC) samples compared with adjacent non-cancerous gastric mucosa, in contrast, a significantly higher level of glutamine synthetase (GS) expression was observed in normal tissues than in GC samples compared with adjacent non-cancerous gastric mucosa. PMID: 29435734
5. The data identify GS activity as mediator of the proangiogenic, immunosuppressive, and pro-metastatic function of M2-like macrophages and highlight the possibility of targeting this enzyme in the treatment of cancer metastasis. PMID: 28813676
6. Data show that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) downregulation of glutamine synthetase (GLUL; GS)) was sufficient to reduce abundance and enzyme activity of GS. PMID: 29029014
7. genome-wide association study to identify genetic factors for familial hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma; results identified 2 large effect susceptible haplotypes located at GLUL and SLC13A2/FOXN1 PMID: 28662289
8. GLUL knockdown markedly inhibited the p38 MAPK and ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathways in cultured breast cancer cells and reduces their proliferation. PMID: 27791265
9. co-targeting glutamine synthetase in stroma and glutaminase in cancer cells reduces tumor weight, nodules, and metastasis. PMID: 27829138
10. This study demonstrated that Influence of glutamine synthetase gene polymorphisms on the development of hyperammonemia during valproic acid-based therapy. PMID: 26599579
11. GS is acetylated at lysines 11 and 14, yielding a degron that is necessary and sufficient for binding and ubiquitylation by CRL4(CRBN) and degradation by the proteasome. PMID: 26990986
12. Studied molecular mechanisms of glutamine synthetase mutations that lead to clinically relevant pathologies. PMID: 26836257
13. GLUL rs10911021 is associated prospectively with adjudicated cardiovascular composite end points among overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. PMID: 26395743
14. Data show that glutamine synthetase (GS) produces glutamine (Gln) from tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle-derived carbons. PMID: 26595383
15. findings point to SNP rs10911021 of GLULas an independent modulator of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes PMID: 25677913
16. Results highlight the diagnostic errors that can be caused by variant patterns of staining with glutamine synthetase and serum amyloid-associated protein in inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia. PMID: 23807780
17. High Glutamine synthetase expression is associated with epilepsy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme. PMID: 23410662
18. Glutamine synthetase expression is increased in regenerating hepatocytes and in early hepatocyte progenitor cells prior to morphological evidence of hepatocellular differentiation. PMID: 23362937
19. through a 3-stage genome-wide association study in 4188 type 2 diabetic patients, identified a novel susceptibility locus for coronary heart disease in the region of the GLUL gene PMID: 23982368
20. these results suggest that GLUL contributes to pancreatic regeneration. PMID: 22930410
21. The presence of GS in the post-acrosomal region of the perinuclear theca suggests that human sperm can carry out in glutamine synthesis. PMID: 22777743
22. Data show that the acidification followed by neutralisation (AFBN) pre-treatment protocol for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) significantly enhances the measurement of glutamine synthetase (GS) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in CSF. PMID: 22542401
23. This study suggests that serum glutamine synthetase levels have no diagnostic value for Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 21597934
24. glutamine synthetase expression can be used to distinguish astrocytic from oligodendroglial tumors and may play a role in the pathogenesis of astrocytomas. PMID: 21682567
25. The Glul can serve as novel target in diabetes mellitus genetic therapy. PMID: 20536387
26. Glutamine synthetase was up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and may be a novel marker for early diagnosis. PMID: 20525558
27. Standard histology and glutamine synthase status identify a hepatocellular carcinoma subset with distinct clinical and pathologic features. PMID: 20233882
28. 2D fingerprinting & mass spectrometry reveal specific targets of protein oxidation in Alzheimer's disease brain, including glutamine synthase, suggesting involvement of oxidatively modified proteins in neurodegeneration. PMID: 12160938
29. The detection of a significantly reduced enzymatic activity in the epileptic amygdala supports the assumption that the enzyme defect is localized to the epileptic mesial temporal lobe of corresponding patients. PMID: 16095760
30. Liver tissue samples from HCV-HCC cancerous tissues and corresponding non-cancerous tissues from patients showed three protein spots of the same molecular mass (42 kDa), whose expression increased in well-differentiated cancerous tissues. PMID: 16609938
31. In myocytes and hepatomas, but not in adipocytes, glutamine acts to moderate glutamine synthetase induction by glucocorticoids. PMID: 17197094
32. We confirmed the induction of GS expression by dexamethasone published previously. Components of the glutamatergic system may play a role in bone pathophysiology PMID: 17627080
33. Crystal structure of GLUL illustrates substrate-induced conformational change and provides opportunities for drug and herbicide design. PMID: 18005987
34. in solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas glutamine synthetase expression is highly correlated with Wnt/beta-catenin activation, demonstrating its faithfulness as a Wnt target gene PMID: 18192886
35. glutamine synthetase has a role in control of glutamate signalling through Wnt3A and steroid pathways in osteoblastic cells PMID: 18555765
36. Glutamine synthetase can be found during early human fetal stages when it displays a significant effect on cell proliferation PMID: 18662667
37. This study suggests that seizures in GBM are coupled with a highly localized glutamine synthetase deficiency. PMID: 19183851
38. GS localization was investigated using immunohistochemistry and double-labeling of young and adult human and rat skin sections as well as skin cells in culture. PMID: 19204801
39. GS mRNA and protein expression was not different between normal and fetal growth restriction pregnancy PMID: 19500843

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HGNC: 4341

OMIM: 138290

KEGG: hsa:2752

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000307900

UniGene: Hs.132016