Recombinant Human Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15)

1. The present mini-review provides an overview of recent findings relating GDF-9 and BMP-15 as fundamental factors implicated in the regulation of ovarian function and discusses their potential role as markers of oocyte quality in women. PMID: 30039232
2. Data suggest that GDF9 and BMP15 are oocyte-secreted factors with leading roles in control of ovarian function in female reproduction, modulating both fate of somatic granulosa cells and quality/developmental competence of the egg. (GDF9 = growth and differentiation factor-9; BMP15 = bone morphogenetic protein-15) [REVIEW] PMID: 29544636
3. the expression of BMP15 in follicular fluid and Smad1 in granulosa cells was significantly decreased in the PCOS group compared with the control (P<0.05). The data suggested that the BMP15/Smad1 signalling pathway may be involved in granulosa cell apoptosis PMID: 28983616
4. BMP15 did not seem critical for follicles to enter the growth phase. Genetic counselling should be performed and fertility preservation discussed before progressive loss of follicular reserve PMID: 28094433
5. Mutations in BMP15 associated with primary ovarian insufficiency reduce mature protein production, activity, or synergy with GDF9. PMID: 28359091
6. Human GDF9 and BMP15 act synergistically to stimulate granulosa cell proliferation, a response that also involves species-specific non-SMAD signalling pathways. PMID: 25155366
7. GDF9 c.169G>T (D57Y), c.546G>A (rs1049127), and BMP15 rs79377927 (788_789insTCT) were associated with premature ovarian failure in the Chinese Hui population. PMID: 25954833
8. BMP15 supplementation differentially modulates reductive metabolism and mitochondrial localization within the oocyte. PMID: 25721374
9. results support a model of activation for human GDF9 dependent on cumulin formation through heterodimerization with BMP15. Oocyte-secreted cumulin is likely to be a central regulator of fertility in mono-ovular mammals. PMID: 26254468
10. GDF9 and BMP15 expression is reduced in primordial, primary, and secondary follicles in ovarian tissues of PCOS patients. PMID: 25172094
11. The results showed no direct association between BMP15-9G or 852T and the development of premature ovarian failure (POF). Women with the 538A mutation are up to five times more likely to develop POF. The 788insTCT polymorphism had low biological impact. PMID: 25445105
12. the BMP15 c.-9G allele is related to BMP15 increased transcription, supporting c.-9C>G as a causal agent of premature ovarian failure PMID: 25246117
13. BMP15 polymorphism is not associated with ovarian reserve. PMID: 25336710
14. BMP15 is a critical regulator of folliculogenesis and granulosa cell activities. Variations in BMP15 gene dosage have a relevant influence on ovarian function and can account for several defects of female fertility. PMID: 24980253
15. Data suggest upregulation of mRNA for BMP15 and GDF9 (growth differentiation factor 9) in cumulus granulosa cells serves as biomarker for oocyte maturation, fertilization, embryo quality, and pregnancy in couples undergoing ICSI for male infertility. PMID: 25139161
16. Oocyte-derived BMP15 decreases gap junction intercellular communication activity between human granulosa cells by down-regulating Cx43 expression, most likely via a Smad-dependent signaling pathway. PMID: 24413384
17. BMP15 down-regulates StAR expression and decreases progesterone production in human granulosa cells, likely via ALK3-mediated SMAD1/5/8 signaling. PMID: 24140593
18. Data from cultured mouse preantral follicles suggest that [human recombinant] BMP15 promotes follicle growth in short term (24 hours) incubation; subsequently BMP15 (48-72 hours) causes follicular atresia with increased granulosa cell apoptosis. PMID: 23782946
19. genetic association studies in population of women in Spain: Data suggest an association between an SNP in BMP15 (rs3897937) and age at menopause; thus, duration of fertility in women may have genetic determinants involved in estrogen metabolism. PMID: 23173577
20. BMP15 and GDF9 transcript levels increase in mature oocytes from women with polycystic ovary syndrome after ovarian stimulation, and might inhibit the progesterone secretion by follicular cells PMID: 22825968
21. the activation of bone morphogenetic protein 15 gene (BMP15) during the differentiation of human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) into oocyte-like cells PMID: 22356426
22. This study evaluated the levels of bone morphogenetic protein receptors BMPRIB and BMPRII mRNA in goat follicles and the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15) on the in vitro development of cultured preantral follicles. PMID: 22382392
23. BMP15 uses preferentially BMPR1B as its type I receptor, suggesting an important role for the BMPR1B receptor in human female fertility PMID: 22294741
24. BMP15 is associated with high response to ovarian stimulation. PMID: 21565556
25. BMP15 gene mutations may be potentially associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. PMID: 22014425
26. In the samples from girls/women, the number of developing follicles was greater with GDF9 or BMP15 alone than with no BMP15 or GDF9. PMID: 21632818
27. The expression of GDF9 and BMP15 in oocytes from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome cannot reach the normal level even after ovarian stimulation. PMID: 21669410
28. There were no statistically significant differences in embryo quality among the patients regarding follicular fluid BMP15 expression status. PMID: 21496799
29. Results describe a purified untagged human BMP15 mature region, which is stable and highly bioactive in human and rodent granulosa cells and as such is of importance for studies on human fertility. PMID: 20937357
30. Integral role of GDF-9 and BMP-15 in ovarian function. PMID: 21226076
31. Impaired production of BMP15 and GDF9 mature proteins derived from proproteins with mutation in the proregion. PMID: 20547206
32. Various missense variants of the BMP15 gene were identified among patients with premature ovarian failure. PMID: 20364024
33. data demonstrate that polymorphisms in major folliculogenesis genes, GDF9, BMP15, AMH, and AMHR2, are not associated with polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility. PMID: 20236105
34. No significant difference was detected in the expression of BMP-15 between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and controls. PMID: 19376510
35. Data show that show that Golgi apparatus casein kinase (G-CK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of rhBMP-15 and rhGDF-9. PMID: 20067794
36. in Chinese premature ovarian failure patients, study revealed 3 variants in coding region of BMP15 - an insertion p.262insLeu in 5 patients & 2 novel mutations c.985C>T (p.Arg329Cys)& c.598C>T (p.His200Tyr) PMID: 19438907
37. Results describe the expression and characterization of recombinant human BMP15, which is biologically active and very stable, and can induce the expression of a variety of mouse granulosa cell genes. PMID: 19651638
38. Bone morphogenetic protein-15 is expressed in oocytes and cumulus granulosa cells and may play an important role in the hCG-induced oocyte final maturation and corpus luteum (CL) formation PMID: 19635612
39. Data show that bone morphogenetic protein-15 activates the Smad pathway in granulosa cell models. PMID: 12419820
40. interaction with growth and differentiation factor-9 and implication in aberrant ovarian phenotype PMID: 12446716
41. BMP-15 and GDF-9 have roles in fertility; critical sequences are determined by mutagenesis PMID: 14970198
42. Hypergonadotropic ovarian failure is associated with an inherited mutation of human bone morphogenetic protein-15 gene. PMID: 15136966
43. comparison of the molecular characteristics of BMP-15 of polyovulatory mice with that of monoovulatory humans PMID: 15809424
44. Missense mutations in the BMP15 gene are associated with ovarian failure PMID: 16508750
45. although mutations in BMP15 and GDF9 are not a major cause of ovarian insufficiency, they may be involved in premature ovarian failure PMID: 16645022
46. Mutational screening of the bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) genes in a population with premature ovarian failure (POF) identified no new mutations. PMID: 17027369
47. a BMP15 alteration,as a possible cause of ovarian failure, previously described as a mutation, is instead a polymorphism PMID: 17826728
48. We analyzed two polymorphisms (-9C>G and IVS1+905A>G) within the BMP15 gene in women from Spain with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). BMP15 gene does not seem to be associated with PCOS. PMID: 17905236
49. phosphorylation state of rhBMP-15 and rhGDF-9 is a determinant of their agonistic and antagonistic activities PMID: 18006624
50. characterization of the post-translational modification of recombinant BMP-15 mature protein (P16 and P17); findings are the first knowledge of the structure of rhBMP-15 mature protein toward understanding the molecular basis of BMP-15 function PMID: 18227435

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HGNC: 1068

OMIM: 300247

KEGG: hsa:9210

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000252677

UniGene: Hs.532692