Recombinant Human Granzyme A (GZMA)

1. GzmA produced by lesional CD8 T cells has the capacity to specifically increase chemokine secretion from inflamed keratinocytes, thereby sustaining the focal inflammation in psoriasis lesions by amplifying a chemotactic inflammatory loop. PMID: 28094457
2. granzyme A in human platelets increases with aging PMID: 29167233
3. GzmA plays an unfavorable role in host defense during pneumococcal pneumonia by a mechanism that does not depend on natural killer cells. PMID: 27343190
4. Carbamate pesticides significantly reduced the intracellular levels of perforin, GrA, GrB, Gr3/K, and GRN in NK-92CI cells. PMID: 25921628
5. Our results suggest that granzyme A could be considered another biomarker of TB, that can be used, other than IFN-gamma, to discriminate between patients with active TB and LTBI subjects PMID: 26051682
6. Delivered into parasite infected cells by granulysin and perforin, granzymes generate superoxide and inactivate oxidative defense enzymes to kill the parasite. PMID: 26752517
7. Taken together, the authors verified that histone H3 is a real substrate for GzmA in vivo in the Raji cells treated by staurosporin. PMID: 26032366
8. Results reveal enhanced intra- and extracellular expression of gzmA and B in patients with pulmonary TB, suggesting that gzms are part of the host response to tuberculosis. PMID: 26156785
9. Levels of GZMA and ITGAE mRNAs in colon tissues can identify patients with UC who are most likely to benefit from etrolizumab; expression levels decrease with etrolizumab administration in biomarker(high) patients. PMID: 26522261
10. GzmA and GzmB expressing cells in the airways and lung parenchyma was higher in subjects who died from asthma PMID: 25745046
11. Data indicate N-terminomics on the human and mouse granzymes A and K by combined fractional diagonal chromatography (COFRADIC). PMID: 25383893
12. We herewith identify GZMA as critical effector molecule of human Treg function for gastrointestinal immune response in an experimental GvHD model. PMID: 25928296
13. The exocytosed granzyme A enters target cells and mediates IL-1beta maturation independently of caspase-1 and without inducing cytotoxicity. PMID: 25437548
14. Serum concentrations of granzyme A in patients with ovarian cancer were substantially increased in comparison to concentrations in patients with ovarian cystadenomas or ovarian teratomas. PMID: 24673566
15. functional divergence between human and mouse granzyme A PMID: 24505135
16. Patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia have elevated serum granzyme A levels. PMID: 22476618
17. A critical and previously unsuspected role is revealed for granzymes A and B in dictating immunogenicity by influencing the mode of tumor cell death. PMID: 21709155
18. The results indicate that GzmA and GzmB are implicated in mechanisms of neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID: 21349256
19. investigation of substrate specificity toward Jurkat cell proteins; more than 260 cleavage sites, almost exclusively favoring basic residues at the P1 position, in approximately 200 unique protein substrates, were identified PMID: 20536382
20. Human eosinophils exert TNF-alpha and granzyme A-mediated tumoricidal activity toward colon carcinoma cells. PMID: 21068403
21. HMG2 interacts with the nucleosome assembly protein SET and is a target of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protease granzyme A. PMID: 11909973
22. results demonstrate discordant expression of granzymes A and B in human lymphocyte subsets and T regulatory cells, which suggests that different granzymes may play unique roles in immune system responses and regulation PMID: 15238416
23. polymorphonuclear leukocytes from mice and humans lack the 3 cytotoxic effector molecules, gzmA, granzyme B, and perforin, generally associated with natural killer and cytotoxic T lymphocytes PMID: 15998831
24. Mouse granzyme B is 30 times less cytotoxic than human granzyme B and does not require Bid for killing but regains cytotoxicity on engineering of its active site cleft. Mouse granzyme A is considerably more cytotoxic than human granzyme A. PMID: 17116752
25. GrA expression is increased in type II pneumocytes of patients with very severe COPD. These results indicate that GrA may be important in the development of COPD. PMID: 17138956
26. GzmK-induced caspase-independent death occurs through Bid-dependent mitochondrial damage that is different from GzmA PMID: 17308307
27. Report activation of the granzymeA/B pathway in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. PMID: 18317234
28. GzmA accesses the mitochondrial matrix to cleave the complex I protein NDUFS3, an iron-sulfur subunit of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex I. PMID: 18485875
29. GZMA causes detachment of alveolar epithelial A549 cells accompanied by interleukin-8 release. PMID: 18776661
30. the granule secretory pathway plays an unexpected role in inflammation, with GzmA acting as an endogenous modulator PMID: 18951048
31. Data suggest that 1, 25(OH)(2) vitamin D(3) suppresses granzyme A probably by down-regulating Th1 cytokine response, and tah vitamin D receptor gene variants might regulate cytotoxic T-cell response by suppression of granzyme A expression in tuberculosis. PMID: 19014932
32. GrK not only constitutes a redundant functional backup mechanism that assists GrA-induced cell death but that it also displays a unique function by cleaving its own specific substrates. PMID: 19059912
33. The N-terminal GzmA cleavage fragment of PARP-1 acts as a PARP-1 dominant negative, binding to DNA and blocking DNA repair. PMID: 19506301
34. Granzyme A is a proinflammatory protease. PMID: 19875524

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HGNC: 4708

OMIM: 140050

KEGG: hsa:3001

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000274306

UniGene: Hs.90708