Recombinant Human Protein-arginine deiminase type-2 (PADI2)

1. the mRNA expression of PADI2, PADI4 and Sp1 is upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis bone marrow CD34+ cells independently of the systemic inflammation or treatment regimen. PMID: 29148420
2. These data suggest that overexpression of the human PAD2 transgene in the epidermis of transgenic mice increases the malignant conversion rate of benign tumors by promoting an inflammatory microenvironment. PMID: 28766045
3. Brain gene expression of PADI2, ZNF385A, PSD2, and A2ML1 and DNA methylation dysregulations are implicated in the alteration of brain tissue properties associated with late-life cognitive decline above and beyond the influence of common neuropathologic conditions. PMID: 29084334
4. Peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) is required for activation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling under androgen-deprived condition. PMID: 28819028
5. Data suggest that protein-arginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) suppresses the proliferation of colonic epithelial cells through catalysis of protein citrullination, and that downregulation of PADI2 expression might therefore contribute to colon carcinogenesis. PMID: 28403548
6. Downregulation of PADI2 is an early event in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer associated with poor prognosis and points toward a possible role of citrullination in modulating tumor cells and their microenvironment. PMID: 27280713
7. Multiple proteins citrullinated by hypoxia-induced PADs were identified. In addition, the extracellular domain of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 was citrullinated by human PAD2 in vitro. CONCLUSION: Our data may contribute to understanding of pathophysiology of malignant gliomas from the aspects of protein citrullination. PMID: 27818200
8. Deimination of myelin basic protein (MBP) by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) prevents its binding to the proteasome and decelerates its degradation by the proteasome in mammalian cells. Potential anticancer drug tetrazole analogue of chloramidine 2, at concentrations greater than 1 microM inhibits the enzymatic activity of PAD in vitro. PMID: 27599511
9. this study shows that a miR-4728 downregulates PADI2, a novel rheumatoid arthritis risk gene PMID: 26927695
10. We identified the presence of PADI3 mRNA expression in synovial tissue and PADI2 and PADI4 mRNA expressions in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 26255191
11. Protein arginine deiminase 2 binds six calcium ions in an ordered fashion. PMID: 25621824
12. PAD2 activity was significantly higher in cell-free synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to osteoarthritis patients. PMID: 26245941
13. PAD2 activity was detected in synovial fluid samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 25475141
14. Report increased levels of extracellular PAD2 in the lungs of smokers. PMID: 25897949
15. PADI2 and vimentin participate in the apoptotic mechanisms of activated T lymphocytes. PMID: 24850148
16. these studies provide the first genetic evidence that PAD2 functions as an oncogene and suggest that PAD2 may promote tumor progression by enhancing inflammation within the tumor microenvironment. PMID: 25213324
17. PAD2 appears to use a substrate-assisted mechanism of catalysis in which the positively charged substrate guanidinium depresses the pKa of the nucleophilic cysteine PMID: 24989433
18. Data suggest peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) as a possible biomarker in various inflammatory diseases. PMID: 24384061
19. PAD2 and PAD4 have distinct substrate specificities. PMID: 24594197
20. These findings suggest that PAD2 and citrullinated proteins may play a key role in the brain pathology of prion diseases. [review] PMID: 23022892
21. Our observations show increased levels of protein deimination but not PAD2 in age related macular degeneration retinas and retinal pigment epithelium suggesting reduced rate of turnover of deiminated proteins. PMID: 23562679
22. PAD2 binds directly to the promoters of the PTN and MAGEA12 genes and that the likely mechanism by which PAD2 regulates expression of these genes is via citrullination of arginine residues 2-8-17 on histone H3 tails. PMID: 22911765
23. Contact between stimulated T cells and monocyte-macrophages or cytokine-activated monocyte-macrophages constitutes a highly likely source of PAD2 and PAD4, which are observed in inflamed synovial tissues. PMID: 22614825
24. Normal human and canine mammary epithelium showed strong cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of PAD2, but there was reduced PAD2 expression in mammary carcinomas from both species. PMID: 22520816
25. 17beta-estradiol stimulation induces the recruitment of PAD2 to target promoters by ERalpha, whereby PAD2 then citrullinates H3R26, which leads to local chromatin decondensation and transcriptional activation. PMID: 22853951
26. Defective regulation of PAD2 in the periphery blood, without the immunological shelter of the blood-brain barrier, may contribute to the development of the autoimmune responses in MS. PMID: 21878453
27. This is the first report demonstrating that like in primary open angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma also possesses elevated levels of both PAD2 and protein-bound citrulline. PMID: 20806090
28. PAD2 activation and aberrant citrullinated proteins could play a role in pathogenesis and have value as a marker for the postmortem classification of neurodegenerative diseases. PMID: 20013286
29. PADI2 does not contribute to genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia. PMID: 19478818
30. PAD2 is expressed in human monocytic leukaemia THP-1 cells during differentiation into macrophages PMID: 19564157
31. molecular cloning and gene organization; expressed by all the living epidermal layers, suggesting that PAD type II is functionally important during terminal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes PMID: 12392711
32. first report to demonstrate a measurable response in the amounts of peptidylarginine deiminase type II mRNA, protein and activity in human astrocytes by prolonged hypoxic exposure PMID: 15555572
33. hPADI2 and hPADI4 have different roles under physiological and pathological conditions PMID: 15629448
34. The amount of peptidyl arginine deiminase type II enzyme and citrullinated myelin basic protein was increased in multiple sclerosis PMID: 17469138
35. PAD-2 & PAD-4 are only isotypes expressed in synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis & other arthritides; inflammatory cells are major source, but PAD-4 also comes from hyperplastic synoviocytes; both isotypes probably involved in citrullination of fibrin PMID: 17968929
36. These data provide new structure-function dimensions for chemokines in leukocyte mobilization, disclosing an anti-inflammatory role for PAD. PMID: 18645041
37. The citrullinating enzyme PAD-4 was detected in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondylarthritides. PMID: 18668562
38. Results describe the in vitro kinetic properties of the human peptidylarginine deiminase isoform 2 (hPAD2), and explore the putative inhibitory action of the methyl ester side chain of paclitaxel. PMID: 18923545

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HGNC: 18341

OMIM: 607935

KEGG: hsa:11240

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000364635

UniGene: Hs.33455