Recombinant Mouse Appetite-regulating hormone (Ghrl)

1. Thus, the adipogenic action of exogenous unacylated ghrelin in tibial marrow is dependent upon acylation by GOAT and activation of GHS-R1a. PMID: 28361877
2. suppression of the Akt signaling pathway and activation of NF-kappaB signaling in chondrocytes during Osteoarthritis (OA) development was antagonized by ghrelin administration. This supports the assessment of ghrelin as a potential therapeutic approach to treat degenerative cartilage diseases, including OA PMID: 29070587
3. the effect of GOAT on gastric acid secretion and expression of ghrelin in vitro, were investigated. PMID: 29966658
4. Results suggest that hypothalamic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma plays a vital role in ghrelin production and food intake in mice. PMID: 29655655
5. The aim of the present study was to determine whether arcuate nucleus (ARC) lesions affect the ghrelin level in the plasma and the stomach in monosodium glutamate (MSG)treated mice. PMID: 29328403
6. this study shows that nanogel-based nasal ghrelin vaccine prevents obesity PMID: 28120848
7. Upregulation of unacylated ghrelin levels in mdx mice reduces muscle degeneration, improves muscle function, and increases dystrophin-null satellite cells (SC) self-renewal, maintaining the SC pool. PMID: 28436144
8. These findings suggest that phasic activation of the SNc-ghrelin system could improve the dysregulation of nigrostriatal DA transmission related to the initial stage of PD, but not the motor deficits under the depletion of nigrostriatal DA. Although GHSRs are found in non-DA cells of the SNr, GHSRs on DA neurons in the SNc may play a crucial role in motor function. PMID: 29378186
9. it showed that the antinociception of ghrelin was correlated with the GHS-R1alpha and d-opioid receptors. Finally, the antinociception induced by deltorphin II wasn't blocked by the co-injection (i.c.v.) of [D-Lys(3)]-GHRP-6, indicating that the GHS-R1a isn't on the backward position of delta opioid receptor. PMID: 27474249
10. Deletion of ghrelin prevents aging-associated obesity and muscle dysfunction without affecting longevity. PMID: 28585250
11. ghrelin binds to serum albumin and that this interaction impacts on the biological activity of the hormone. PMID: 27431015
12. ghrelin has a critical role in preventing hypoglycemia and promoting survival during severe caloric restriction, a process that requires cell-expressed beta1AR PMID: 27548523
13. findings show that the capacity of circulating ghrelin to acutely induce gastric emptying in mice requires the integrity of the area postrema, which contains a population of GABA neurons that are a target of plasma ghrelin PMID: 28204197
14. Des-acylated ghrelin reduced blood-brain barrier disruption in vivo and attenuated the hyper-permeability of mouse cerebral microvascular endothelial cells after oxygen glucose deprivation. PMID: 27303049
15. des-acyl ghrelin produces an anxiogenic effect under nonstressed conditions, but this switches to an anxiolytic effect under stress PMID: 27490185
16. data support the notion that ghrelin activates ParaVentricular Nucleus CRF neurons via inhibition of local GABAergic tone, in an Arcuate nucleus-independent manner. PMID: 26874559
17. ghrelin may mediate part of its metabolic actions through modulation of hypothalamic astrocytes and that this effect could involve astrocyte mediated changes in local glucose and glutamate metabolism that alter the signals/nutrients reaching neighboring neurons. PMID: 27026049
18. These studies reemphasize the beneficial effects imparted by co-administration of obestatin and CCK8 and their potential use towards countering obesity. PMID: 27032885
19. Stress in a postpartum mother has persistent effects on the body weight of their offspring. Increased ghrelin and decreased leptin expression in the stomach may play a role in these effects. PMID: 26884874
20. Data (including data from studies in cell line from knockout mice) suggest high incorporation of long-chain fatty acids, partly mediated by Acsl1, plays role in supply of octanoic acid for ghrelin acylation/lipoylation in ghrelin-producing cells. PMID: 26991015
21. Data show that chronic caloric restriction (CR) alters hypothalamic agouti-related protein (Agrp) and neuropeptide Y (Npy) gene expression similarly in Ghrelin+/+, Ghrelin-/-, ghrelin receptor Ghsr+/+, and Ghsr-/- mice. PMID: 26812158
22. The expression of ghrelin and GH secretagogue receptor 1a [GHSR1a] in cerebral arteries and the effects of ghrelin analogs on cerebrovascular function are reproted.[GHSR1a] PMID: 25322462
23. Pax6 inactivation in the adult pancreas reveals ghrelin as endocrine cell maturation marker. PMID: 26658466
24. Thus, GHSR1a differentially inhibits CaV2 channels by Gi/o or Gq protein pathways depending on its mode of activation. PMID: 26283199
25. results demonstrate that ghrelin, which signals acute hunger, renders the olfactory system more responsive to odors PMID: 26071307
26. investigated whether ghrelin may cause alteration in neurite outgrowth and electrophysiological properties of tyrosine hydroxylase neurons from the ventrolateral arcuate nucleus PMID: 26385180
27. Ghrelin is an inducer of myoprotective autophagy in myocardial and skeletal muscle ischemia. PMID: 26066847
28. The expressions of both ghrelin and its receptor were observed in NPCs using RT-PCR, Interestingly, the exposure of fetal NPCs to ghrelin suppressed their proliferation, and caused them to differentiate into neurons PMID: 25828736
29. Co-localization of TRPA1 and ghrelin in enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum is observed both in vivo and in the MGN3-1 cell line, a ghrelin secreting cell model, where incubation with CIN up-regulates expression of TRPA1 and Insulin receptor genes. PMID: 25605129
30. Overproduction of ghrelin via an AAV viral delivery system in the hypothalamus leads to an increase in food intake associated with increases in body weight. This effect disappears after 3 weeks. PMID: 25801577
31. Plasma acylated ghrelin levels decreased in stressed aged male mice. Suppressed feeding behavior in novelty stress-exposed aged male mice may be mediated by 5-HT(2C)R hypersensitivity, leading to hypoghrelinemia. PMID: 25732068
32. dietary restriction increased survival of newborn cells in hippocampus of wild-type but not ghrelin knockout mice. PMID: 25735661
33. Ghrelin induces intracellular store-mediated rises in calcium in laterodorsal tegmental neurons in mouse brain slices. PMID: 25645492
34. Acylated ghrelin is not required for the surge in pituitary growth hormone observed in pregnant mice. PMID: 25645493
35. There was increase in ghrelin gene transcripts and protein in HNF1a-null mice. Upregulation of ghrelin in the absence of Hnf1alpha impairs insulin secretion Inhibition of ghrelin/ghrelin receptor signaling led to a recovery of the diabetic symptoms. PMID: 25979074
36. ghrelin and Bmal1 regulate the extent of body weight restoration during restricted feeding PMID: 25329803
37. Ghrelin signaling is an important thermogenic regulator in aging. PMID: 25543537
38. these data suggest that circulating ghrelin does not play a crucial role in feeding behavior, but rather is involved in maintaining body weight. PMID: 25029956
39. peripherally administered ghrelin mainly accesses the Arcuate n. which is required for the orexigenic effects of the hormone. Centrally administered ghrelin accesses a variety of nuclei, which can mediate the orexigenic effects of the hormone. PMID: 24888783
40. these data reveal that ghrelin plays an inhibitory role in the development of hypothalamic neural circuits and suggest that proper expression of ghrelin during neonatal life is pivotal for lifelong metabolic regulation. PMID: 25607843
41. obestatin and Nt8U triggers lipid catabolism... The free fatty acids and lysophosphatidic acid thus produced in turn activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and the genes involved in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling PMID: 24937751
42. Ghrl-/- mice had lower cortical bone mass, whereas Ghsr-/- mice had lower trabecular bone mass. This demonstrates bone compartment-specific effects of acetylated ghrelin and a role for Unacetylated ghrelin in bone metabolism. PMID: 25060361
43. I cells in duodenum are enriched in expression of CCK and ghrelin. PMID: 25004095
44. Ghrelin is a regulator of GH pulse amplitude in growing mice. PMID: 24949662
45. Suggest a radioprotective role of ghrelin in differentiating spermatogonia exposed to ionizing radiation. PMID: 24853426
46. Data suggest signal transduction via Ghrl/Crhr2 (corticotropin release factor type 2 receptor) plays role in regulation of muscle glucose metabolism; Ghsr1a (Ghrl receptor type 1A) was not detected in mouse myoblast cell line (C2C12) investigated. PMID: 23804489
47. Findings support a role for ghrelin as an endogenous modulator of inflammatory responses and a central component of arousal and feeding circuits. PMID: 24309634
48. The findings reveal a major, novel role for ghrelin in mediating ethanol behavior, and add to growing evidence that ghrelin is a key mediator of the effects of multiple abused drugs. PMID: 23428971
49. RKT administration (500 mg/kg, per os) improved the decrease in 6 h cumulative food intake. In control mice, the plasma acylated ghrelin levels significantly increased by 24 h fasting. PMID: 24288687
50. Ghrelin improves gastric growth and gastric acid secretion with decreased somatostatin mRNA in weaned mice. PMID: 23820307

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KEGG: mmu:58991

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000069567

UniGene: Mm.379095