Product Details

Uniprot No.

Target Names

TPPP

Alternative Names

Tubulin polymerization-promoting protein (TPPP) (25 kDa brain-specific protein) (TPPP/p25) (p24) (p25-alpha), TPPP, TPPP1

Species Reactivity

Human

Immunogen

A synthesized peptide from human TPPP protein

Immunogen Species

Homo sapiens (Human)

Conjugate

Non-conjugated

Clonality

Monoclonal

Isotype

Rabbit IgG

Clone No.

12C6

Purification Method

Affinity-chromatography

Concentration

It differs from different batches. Please contact us to confirm it.

Buffer

Rabbit IgG in 10mM phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM sodium chloride, 0.05% BSA, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.

Form

Liquid

Tested Applications

ELISA, IHC, FC

Recommended Dilution

Application	Recommended Dilution
IHC	1:50-1:200
FC	1:50-1:200

Protocols

ELISA Protocol
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocol
Flow Cytometry (FC) Protocol

Troubleshooting and FAQs

Antibody FAQs

Storage

Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.

Lead Time

Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.

Description

Tubulin polymerization-promoting protein (TPPP), also known as p25-alpha, plays a critical role in microtubule dynamics and stabilization within the central nervous system. This 25 kDa brain-specific protein has garnered significant research attention due to its involvement in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly its pathological aggregation with alpha-synuclein in multiple system atrophy and other synucleinopathies. Understanding TPPP expression and localization provides valuable insights into both normal neuronal function and disease mechanisms affecting oligodendrocytes.

This recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated against a synthesized peptide from human TPPP, offers the reproducibility and consistency that demanding research applications require. As a sequence-defined recombinant clone, it eliminates the lot-to-lot variability inherent in traditional hybridoma-derived antibodies, ensuring your experimental conditions remain stable across long-term studies and collaborative projects.

Validation studies demonstrate reliable performance across multiple platforms. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue reveals specific staining patterns when used at dilutions between 1:50 and 1:200, with citrate buffer antigen retrieval providing optimal results. Flow cytometry applications have been validated using A431 cells, where the antibody produces clear positive signal separation from isotype controls at 1:100 dilution following formaldehyde fixation and Triton X-100 permeabilization. The antibody is also suitable for ELISA-based detection methods.

Whether investigating microtubule regulation in neuronal development, exploring oligodendrocyte biology, or characterizing TPPP involvement in neurodegenerative pathology, this antibody provides a dependable tool for advancing your research into this important cytoskeletal regulator.

Usage

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Target Background

Function

Regulator of microtubule dynamics that plays a key role in myelination by promoting elongation of the myelin sheath. Acts as a microtubule nucleation factor in oligodendrocytes: specifically localizes to the postsynaptic Golgi apparatus region, also named Golgi outpost, and promotes microtubule nucleation, an important step for elongation of the myelin sheath. Required for both uniform polarized growth of distal microtubules as well as directing the branching of proximal processes. Shows magnesium-dependent GTPase activity; the role of the GTPase activity is unclear. In addition to microtubule nucleation activity, also involved in microtubule bundling and stabilization of existing microtubules, thereby maintaining the integrity of the microtubule network. Regulates microtubule dynamics by promoting tubulin acetylation: acts by inhibiting the tubulin deacetylase activity of HDAC6. Also regulates cell migration: phosphorylation by ROCK1 inhibits interaction with HDAC6, resulting in decreased acetylation of tubulin and increased cell motility. Plays a role in cell proliferation by regulating the G1/S-phase transition. Involved in astral microtubule organization and mitotic spindle orientation during early stage of mitosis; this process is regulated by phosphorylation by LIMK2.

Gene References into Functions

TPPP/p25 is co-enriched and co-localized with alpha-synuclein in brain inclusions of Parkinson's disease patients. Interaction of alpha-synuclein with various deletion mutants and fragments of TPPP/p25 were characterized. PMID: 27671864
The objective of this paper is to highlight a critical point of a recently published Skoufias's paper in which the crucial role of the microtubules in TPPP/p25 dimerization leading to microtubule bundling was suggested. PMID: 28074911
This study demonstrated that the AAV9-mediated p25 overexpression mouse model, which is a practical model exhibiting neurodegeneration-like pathological and behavioral changes. PMID: 27258419
The knowledge accumulated so far underlines the key roles of the multifunctional TPPP/p25 in both physiological and diverse pathological processes, consequently its validation as drug target sorely needs a new innovative strategy that is briefly reviewed here. PMID: 28271739
TPPP may have a role in poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma PMID: 27630306
the central folded domain of TPPP/p25 following binding to microtubules can drive s homotypic protein-protein interactions leading to bundled microtubules. PMID: 26289831
Results reveal a link between p25 and BACE1 in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains and suggest that upregulated Cdk5 activation by p25 accelerates AD pathogenesis by enhancing BACE1 activity via phosphorylation. PMID: 26317805
Epigenetic changes in TPPP, in combination with experiences of maltreatment, may confer risk for depression in children. PMID: 24655651
suggest that the zinc as a specific divalent cation could be involved in the fine-tuning of the physiological TPPP/p25 level counteracting both the enrichment and the lack of this protein leading to distinct central nervous system diseases PMID: 25445539
GSK3 promotes the mitochondrial translocation of p53, enabling its interaction with Bcl2 to allow Bax oligomerization and the subsequent release of cytochrome C. PMID: 23161404
dual Rock and Cdk phosphorylation of Tppp1 inhibits its regulation of the cell cycle to increase cell proliferation PMID: 23355470
The RhoA-ROCK-LIMK2-TPPP pathway controls metaphase spindle-orientation; TPPP colocalizes with LIMK2 at the mitotic spindle. PMID: 22328514
Although serine-129 phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein facilitates TPPP-mediated alpha-SYN oligomerization, this modification does not seem to play an inevitable role in the early step of alpha-SYN oligomer formation in a cellular model of multiple system atrophy. PMID: 20849899
The authors conclude that the modest structural changes that p25alpha undergoes can promote weak intermolecular contacts and that polyanions such as heparin play a central role in stabilizing these aggregates. PMID: 22326478
Wnt induces the phosphorylation of LRP6 which consequently access the catalytic pocket of GSK3 as pseudo-substrates, thus directly blocking its activity against beta-catenin. PMID: 22083140
GSK3 has a significant role in maintaining repression of growth factor-inducible genes during quiescence. CREB, NFkB and AP-1 mediate this regulation of gene expression by GSK-3. PMID: 21900749
Data show that TPPP may work as a protective factor for cells against the damage effects of the accumulation of abnormal forms of PrPs, besides its function as an agent for dynamic stabilization of microtubular ultrastructures. PMID: 21857997
Binding of Zn(2) bivalent cation to structurally disordered TPPP/p25 influences TPPP/p25-promoted tubulin polymerization and GTPase activity. PMID: 21995432
Interactions of pathological hallmark proteins: tubulin polymerization promoting protein/p25, beta-amyloid, and alpha-synuclein. PMID: 21832049
This study demonistrated that p25 is generated during spatial memory formation. PMID: 21616478
these investigations suggest the CSF-TPPP/p25 level could become diagnostic marker of MS and other demyelination-related diseases. PMID: 21565174
The RING domain of XIAP (and probably cIAP-1 and cIAP-2) associates with GSK3, GSK3 acts upstream of the apoptosome to promote intrinsic apoptosis, and the association between XIAP and GSK3 may block the pro-apoptotic function of GSK3. PMID: 19698783
TPPP/p25 has a role in stabilization of physiological microtubular ultrastructures and cell survival PMID: 15564385
perhaps p25alpha plays a pro-aggregatory role in the common neurodegenerative disorders hall-marked by alpha-synuclein aggregates PMID: 15590652
Recombinant TPPP plays an important role for tubulin-related transport in developing, myelinating oligodendrocytes. PMID: 16879710
identified glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a new interacting partner of TPPP/p25 within the alpha-synuclein positive Lewy body PMID: 17027006
ERK2 can regulate TPPP activity via the phosphorylation of Thr(14) and/or Ser(18) in its unfolded N-terminal tail PMID: 17693641
Myelin basic protein and p25alpha colocalize in myelin in normal human brains. PMID: 17823288
data suggest that gain of 5p15.33 (TPPP and ZDHHC11) may become a potential biomarker identifying high-risk patients with disease progression in bladder cancer. PMID: 18025801
LIMK1 phosphorylation of p25 blocks p25 activity, thus promoting microtubule disassembly. PMID: 18028908
we review evidence pertaining to the role of GSK3 in the myocardium and discuss effects of genetic manipulation of GSK3 activity in vivo--REVIEW PMID: 18204489
GSK-3 is involved in the regulation of, and cross-talk between, two major forms of synaptic plasticity, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor dependent long-term potentiation and NMDAR-dependent long-term depression--REVIEW PMID: 18311157
contribution of GSK3 in growth regulation of myeloma cells PMID: 18728964
Data suggest that the intracellular level of TPPP/p25 influences the cell differentiation, proliferation and the formation of protein aggregates, and consequently, the etiology of central nervous system diseases. PMID: 19382230

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Subcellular Location

Golgi outpost. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle.

Protein Families

TPPP family

Tissue Specificity

Widely expressed.

Database Links

HGNC: 24164

OMIM: 608773

KEGG: hsa:11076

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000353785

UniGene: Hs.481466

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Code	CSB-RA067688A0HU
Size	US$210
	Order now
Image	IHC image of CSB-RA067688A0HU diluted at 1:100 and staining in paraffin-embedded human brain tissue performed on a Leica BondTM system. After dewaxing and hydration, antigen retrieval was mediated by high pressure in a citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Section was blocked with 10% normal goat serum 30min at RT. Then primary antibody (1% BSA) was incubated at 4°C overnight. The primary is detected by a Goat anti-rabbit polymer IgG labeled by HRP and visualized using 0.05% DAB. Overlay Peak curve showing A431 cells stained with CSB-RA067688A0HU (red line) at 1:100. The cells were fixed in 4% formaldehyde and permeated by 0.2% TritonX-100 for 10min. Then 10% normal goat serum to block non-specific protein-protein interactions followed by the antibody (1ug/110⁶cells) for 45min at 4℃. The secondary antibody used was FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1/200 dilution for 35min at 4℃.Control antibody (green line) was Rabbit IgG (1ug/110⁶cells) used under the same conditions. Acquisition of >10,000 events was performed.
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TPPP Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

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