Recombinant Human Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK1)

1. Our findings suggested that ZBP-89 and Sp1 overexpression induced Bak expression in a genetic manner. Increased Bak level was associated with poor patient survival, whereas high level of Sp1 is a beneficial factor for patient survival. PMID: 29653560
2. Study reports the proximal alpha1-alpha2 loop as a second activation site in Bak and in mitochondrial Bax. PMID: 27217060
3. The proapoptotic BCL-2 proteins BAX and BAK can commit a cell to its programmed death by permeabilizing the outer mitochondrial membrane and subsequent initiation of the caspase cascade. (Review) PMID: 28676391
4. Data suggest that ECAD, STAT3, Bak, and Bcl-xL are expressed in affected endometrial tissues of women with endometrioid adenocarcinoma depending on neoplasm staging and cell differentiation. This study was conducted using immunohistochemistry of surgically resected tissues. (ECAD = E-cadherin; STAT3 = signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protein; Bcl-xL = BCL2 associated agonist of cell death) PMID: 28937296
5. This comprehensive survey showed that in each Bak dimer the N-termini are fully solvent-exposed and mobile, the core is highly structured, and the C-termini are flexible but restrained by their contact with the membrane. PMID: 28182867
6. The BAK1/BCL2 ratio was positively correlated with the results of audiometric tests. Our results indicate that BAK-mediated apoptosis may be a core mechanism in the progression of age-related hearing impairment in humans PMID: 27555755
7. UMI-77 enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis by unsequestering Bim and Bak, which provides a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of gliomas. PMID: 28337703
8. after the induction of apoptosis, Bak switches from its association with Mtx2 and VDAC2 to a closer association with Mtx1. PMID: 27845183
9. Conversion of Bim-BH3 from Activator to Inhibitor of Bak through Structure-Based Design. PMID: 29149594
10. The results strongly suggest that the direct apoptosis-activation activities of Bid, Bim, Puma, and p53 are not essential for activating Bax/Bak once the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins are neutralized. PMID: 27310874
11. Studied BAK1, SPRY4 and GAB2 SNPs in pediatric germ cell tumors(GCT); found a variant in SPRY4 was associated with reduced risk of GCT; a variant in BAK1 was positively associated with GCT with a strong estimated effect for testis tumors; and a SNP in GAB2 was associated with increased risk for GCT. PMID: 28295819
12. These results not only establish Bok as a Bak- and Bax-independent apoptosis inducer, but also suggest a potential impact of Bok expression in ovarian cancer therapy. PMID: 27076518
13. The low-level constitutive production of platelets caused by the G allele of rs5745568 in BAK1 protein seems to increase the risk of bleeding in dengue infection PMID: 27401010
14. the expression of Bak1 was downregulated in CRC tumor tissues and was reversely correlated with the expression of miR410, which provided further support that Bak1 was regulated by miR410. PMID: 27177325
15. Low expression of BAX is associated with docetaxel resistance in gastric cancer. PMID: 26486506
16. Polymorphisms of KITLG, SPRY4, and BAK1 genes in patients with testicular germ cell tumors and individuals with infertility associated with AZFc deletion of the Y chromosome PMID: 28064312
17. Different selenium concentrations had varying effects on BAK1 and APAF1 levels. APAF1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of KBD PMID: 26179084
18. Findings argue for auto-activation of Bak in the absence of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and provide evidence of profound differences in the activation of Bax and Bak. PMID: 26610208
19. LTX-315 kills cancer cells through Bax/Bak-regulated mitochondrial membrane permeabilization PMID: 26378049
20. E6 proteins of human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 are able to protect keratinocytes from apoptosis via Bak degradation. PMID: 26743580
21. Bak apoptotic pores involve a flexible C-terminal region and juxtaposition of the C-terminal transmembrane domains. PMID: 25744027
22. Low expression of pro-apoptotic Bak protein in in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. PMID: 25893290
23. Report shows that high Bak expression is associated with the favorable overall survival rates of breast cancer patients. PMID: 26406239
24. alpha1 dissociation is a key step in unfolding Bak into three major components, the N terminus, the core (alpha2-alpha5) and the latch (alpha6-alpha8) that is required for apoptosis. PMID: 25880232
25. the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 induces autophagy through a BAX and BAK1-independent mechanism that likely involves disruption of BECN1 binding to antiapoptotic BCL2 family members PMID: 25715028
26. Data with full-length proteins indicate that most BH3-only proteins can directly activate both Bak and Bax. PMID: 25906158
27. Puma is the major mediator of virus-induced Bax/Bak activation and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization induction. PMID: 26030884
28. Data show that mitochondrial X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) entry requires apoptosis regulatory proteins Bax or Bak through mitochondrial permeabilization and Smac/DIABLO protein degradation. PMID: 26134559
29. BMX directly inhibits a core component of the intrinsic apoptosis machinery opens opportunities to improve the efficacy of existing chemotherapy by potentiating BAK-driven cell death in cancer cells. PMID: 25649765
30. high BAK expression correlates with sensitivity of clinical acute myelogenous leukemia to chemotherapy, whereas low BAK levels correlate with resistance and relapse PMID: 26494789
31. Motifs of VDAC2 required for mitochondrial Bak import and tBid-induced apoptosis. PMID: 26417093
32. By down-regulating Bak, P53, P21, BRCA1, BCL-Xl. PMID: 25773855
33. Results show that in thyroid tumours and cell lines, VDAC2 is upregulated and BAK1 downregulated. Also, transient knockdown of VDAC2 promoted upregulation of the BAK1 expression, and increased susceptibility to sorafenib treatment. PMID: 25617717
34. Chk1 activity is required for BAK multimerization in association with PUMA during mitochondrial apoptosis PMID: 25012639
35. Studies show that necrosis requires Bcl-2-associated protein x (Bax) and Bcl-2 homologues antagonist/killer (Bak), which can regulate the permeability characteristics of the outer mitochondrial membrane. PMID: 25999420
36. G-Rh2 causes rapid and dramatic translocation of both Bak and Bax, which subsequently triggers mitochondrial cytochrome c release and consequent caspase activation. PMID: 23443079
37. Data show that E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase HERC1 interacts with bcl-2 homologous antagonist-killer protein BAK in HPV5 E6-expressing cells that have been damaged by UV. PMID: 25408501
38. Data show that proto-oncogene protein ERBB3 knockdown resulted in cell cycle arrest and activation of Bak and Bax-dependent apoptosis. PMID: 24970817
39. The Bak and Bax genes expressions were analyzed in 23 breast cancer patients. PMID: 24672785
40. The mitochondrial metalloprotease OMA1 was activated in a Bax- and Bak-dependent fashion. PMID: 25275009
41. Helices contribute to mitochondrial outer membrane perforation in that oligomers Bak alpha5 (like Bax alpha5) remain part of the protein core and a membrane-impermeable cysteine reagent labels cysteines placed at many positions in alpha5 and alpha6 of both Bak and Bax. PMID: 25228770
42. enhanced efficacy of combination of mdivi-1 and death ligands is not dependent on the originally reported target of mdivi-1, Drp1, and is also not dependent on the two important pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins Bax and Bak PMID: 25446129
43. the reduction of Bax shuttling to the level of Bak retrotranslocation results in full Bax toxicity even in absence of apoptosis induction. PMID: 25378477
44. Clitocine may activate Bak by disrupting the interaction between Mcl-1. PMID: 25304383
45. Bak interacts with Mtx2 together with VDAC2 in resting cells and with Mtx1 upon induction of apoptosis. PMID: 24794530
46. This progress has resolved longstanding controversies, but has also challenged established theories in the apoptosis field, it focus on the recent progress made in characterizing the proapoptotic Bax and Bak. PMID: 24162660
47. Caspase 8 cleavage by HIV protease activates BAK, enabling HIV to kill infected T cells. PMID: 25246614
48. Data shows that Bak undergoes a conformational change similar to that of Bax upon activation. PMID: 25175025
49. our data strongly support an important role for miR-125b on conferring TMZ resistance through targeting Bak1 expression. PMID: 24643683
50. Authors demonstrate that during vaccinia virus infection, engagement of Bim and Bak by F1L is crucial for subversion of host cell apoptosis. PMID: 24850748

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HGNC: 949

OMIM: 600516

KEGG: hsa:578

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000353878

UniGene: Hs.485139