BAK1

The following BAK1 reagents supplied by CUSABIO are manufactured under a strict quality control system. Multiple applications have been validated and solid technical support is offered.

BAK1 Antibodies

BAK1 Antibodies for Homo sapiens (Human)

BAK1 Antibodies for Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)

BAK1 Antibodies for Oryza sativa subsp. indica (Rice)

BAK1 Antibodies for Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice)

BAK1 Proteins

BAK1 Proteins for Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)

BAK1 Proteins for Mus musculus (Mouse)

BAK1 Proteins for Homo sapiens (Human)

BAK1 Background

Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK) is a protein in humans that is encoded by the BAK1 gene on chromosome 6 [1]. BAK is a member of the Bcl-2 family and contains four Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains: BH1, BH2, BH3, and BH4. In healthy mammalian cells, BAK localizes primarily to the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) but keeps in an inactive monomer form. BAK is activated by BH3-only proteins such as BAD under apoptotic stimulation. The activation of pro-apoptotic effector protein BAK induces its oligomerization into proteolipid pores in the MOM [2][3], inducing the MOM permeabilization and cytochrome c release that ultimately triggers apoptosis. Evidence has shown that BAK can form heterogeneous dimers with Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL to inhibit their anti-apoptotic functions [4]. The BAK deficiency was directly responsible for the arrest in cytochrome c release. This capability was normalized to the BAK-deficient cells by the insertion of recombinant BAK into purified mitochondria from these cells [5]. Current evidence indicated that deficiency of BAK expression is closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumors [6], but BAK1 overexpression contributes to neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases [7]. Gottlieb B et al. found that different BAK1 variants can exist in both diseased and non-diseased abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) tissues compared to matching blood samples in the research of studying the role of genetics in AAA [8]. Pataer et al. reported that adenoviral-mediated overexpression of BAK could induce obvious apoptosis in lung and breast cancer cells, which provided a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment [9]. Moreover, many kinds of tumor therapeutic drugs such as perillyl alcohol and γ-interferon, exert their functions through up-regulating BAK expression [10].

[1] Chittenden T, Harrington EA, et al. Induction of apoptosis by the Bcl-2 homologue Bak [J]. Nature. 374 (6524): 733-6.
[2] Pang YP, Dai H, et al. Bak conformational changes induced by ligand binding: insight into BH3 domain binding and Bak homo-oligomerization [J]. Sci Rep 2012; 2: 257.
[3] Ma S, Hockings C, et al. Assembly of the Bak apoptotic pore: A critical role for the Bak alpha6 helix in the multimerization of homodimers during apoptosis [J]. The Journal of biological chemistry 2013; 288: 26027-26038.
[4] Degli Esposti M, Dive C. Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization by Bax/BAK [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003, 304: 455-461.
[5] Wang GQ, Gastman BR, et al. A role for mitochondrial Bak in the apoptotic response to anticancer drugs [J]. J Biol Chem. 2001, 276: 34307-34317.
[6] Rosen K, Rak J, et al. Downregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein BAK is required for the ras-induced transformation of intestinal epithelial cells [J].Curr Biol. 1998, 8: 1331-1334.
[7] Cartron PF, Petit E, et al. Metaxins 1 and 2, two proteins of the mitochondrial protein sorting and assembly machinery, are essential for Bak activation during TNF alpha triggered apoptosis [J]. Cellular Signalling. 2014, 26 (9): 1928-34.
[8] Gottlieb B, Chalifour LE, et al. BAK1 gene variation and abdominal aortic aneurysms [J]. Human Mutation. 2009, 30 (7): 1043-7.
[9] Pearson AS, Spitz FR, et al. Up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic mediators Bax and BAK after adenovirus-mediated p53 gene transfer in lung cancer cells [J]. Clin Cancer Res. 2000, 6: 887-890.
[10] Ahn EY, Pan G, et al. IFN-gamma upregulates apoptosis-related molecules and enhances Fas-mediated apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma [J]. Int J Cancer. 2002, 100: 445-451.

diators Bax and BAK after adenovirus-mediated p53 gene transfer in lung cancer cells [J]. Clin Cancer Res. 2000, 6: 887-890.

[10] Ahn EY, Pan G, et al. IFN-gamma upregulates apoptosis-related molecules and enhances Fas-mediated apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma [J]. Int J Cancer. 2002, 100: 445-451.

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