Recombinant Human Interleukin-15 protein (IL15) (Active)

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Code CSB-AP001621HU
Size $354
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Product Details

Purity
>97% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Endotoxin
Less than 1.0 EU/μg as determined by LAL method.
Activity
Measured in a cell proliferation assay using MO7e human megakaryocytic leukemic cells. The ED50 for this effect is 0.300-2.60 ng/mL. The specific activity of recombinant human IL-15 is ≥1.50 ×108units/mg, which is calibrated against the human IL-15 reference standard (NIBSC code: 95/554).
Target Names
IL15
Uniprot No.
Research Area
Immunology
Alternative Names
IL 15; IL-15; IL15; IL15_HUMAN; Interleukin 15; Interleukin-15; Interleukin15; MGC9721
Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Source
E.coli
Expression Region
49-162aa
Complete Sequence
NWVNVISDLK KIEDLIQSMH IDATLYTESD VHPSCKVTAM KCFLLELQVI SLESGDASIH DTVENLIILA NNSLSSNGNV TESGCKECEE LEEKNIKEFL QSFVHIVQMF INTS
Mol. Weight
12.9 kDa
Protein Length
Full Length of Mature Protein
Tag Info
Tag-Free
Form
Lyophilized powder
Buffer
Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered PBS, pH 7.4
Reconstitution
We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.
Troubleshooting and FAQs
Storage Condition
Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Shelf Life
The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Lead Time
5-10 business days
Notes
Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.
Datasheet & COA
Please contact us to get it.
Description

The Recombinant Human Interleukin-15/IL15 was generated by the expression of a DNA sequence corresponding to 49-162aa of human IL15 in E.coli. The full-length of mature protein reached up to 97% in purity measured by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses. It was also verified to be fully biologically active through its effect on a cell proliferation assay using murine CTLL-2 cells (ED50<0.5 ng/ml, specific activity >2.0x106 IU/mg). The endotoxin of this IL10 is less than 1.0 EU/μg as determined by the LAL method. Proteins in-stock are offered now. The IL15 proteins are tag-free, but CUSABIO offers custom service for you to meet the need of specific tag(s). This recombinant IL15 protein may be used to produce anti-IL15 antibodies or in the immunology studies.

IL15 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in the development, survival, and activation of NK, T-, and B-cells. IL-15 binding to the IL-2/IL-15Rβ/γc heterodimeric receptor induces the activation of JAK-STAT, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathway. The former pathway stimulates transcriptional activation such as bcl-2 and proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun, and the latter two pathways promote cell survival and activation. The anti-tumor effect of IL15 on the immune system has been reported, but IL15 also initiates and promotes several malignancies.

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Target Background

Function
Cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T-lymphocytes. Stimulation by IL15 requires interaction of IL15 with components of the IL2 receptor, including IL2RB and probably IL2RG but not IL2RA. In neutrophils, stimulates phagocytosis probably by signaling through the IL15 receptor, composed of the subunits IL15RA, IL2RB and IL2RG, which results in kinase SYK activation.
Gene References into Functions
  1. High IL15 expression is associated with follicles with immature oocytes. PMID: 29619608
  2. IL-15 plays a pivotal role in creating a self-renewing, persistent HIV reservoir by facilitating infection of CD4(+) T cells with stem cell-like properties. PMID: 30257946
  3. The genetic variations in IL15 affects the risk of developing of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and are associated with hyperdiploidy in Latvian population. PMID: 29528261
  4. circulating IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha concentrations are reduced in lean and obese physically active people PMID: 28940555
  5. IL-15/IL-15Ralpha signaling pathway is activated in skeletal muscle in response to a session of resistance exercise. PMID: 28449327
  6. Recipient IL-15 rs10519613 polymorphism was associated with hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation. PMID: 29162948
  7. This review provides significant characterization of specific systemic, cellular and molecular alterations caused by IL-15 superagonist treatment as compared to native IL-15 and compares their anti-tumor effectiveness in multiple preclinical studies [Review] PMID: 28888485
  8. iNKT cell development requires IL-15, and study found that sgammac interfered with IL-15 signaling to suppress iNKT cell generation in the thymus. Thus, sgammac represents a new mechanism to control cytokine availability during T cell development that constrains mature T cell production and specifically iNKT cell generation in the thymus. PMID: 27833166
  9. The rs10833 polymorphism could be involved in regulating IL-15 production in subclinical atherosclerosis. PMID: 28923712
  10. RFC, IL15 and VDR germline variants are associated with minimal residual disease in pediatric B-cell precursor ALL PMID: 27427275
  11. IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha genes in samples from the Spanish Consortium for Genetics of Celiac Disease (CEGEC) collection, identifying two regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that might be associated with celiac disease PMID: 28738233
  12. associated with increased loss of fat mass and body weight [review] PMID: 28752527
  13. These data support the combinatorial approach of in situ suppression of the PD-L inhibitory checkpoints with DC-mediated IL15 transpresentation to promote antigen-specific T-cell responses and, ultimately, contribute to graft-versus-tumor immunity PMID: 28637876
  14. These data suggest that TLR2 activation is involved in the induction of IL-15 production by primary Sjogren's syndrome salivary gland epithelial cells and promotes inflammation through NF-kappaB activation. PMID: 27260411
  15. this review will focus on IL-15 biology in NK cells and proposes the development novel therapies aimed at this pathway in humans PMID: 27835762
  16. IL-15 levels were found to be elevated in depressed patients with asthma. PMID: 26874516
  17. this paper show that IL-15 boosts the function and migration of human terminally differentiated CD8+ T cells by inducing a unique gene signature PMID: 26857736
  18. inhibits the Ca(2+)-induced differentiation of keratinocytes, mainly via the attenuation of Ca(2+)-stimulated PI3K-AKT signalling PMID: 26914593
  19. The 161533 TriKE induced superior NK cell cytotoxicity, degranulation, and cytokine production against CD33(+) HL-60 targets and increased NK survival and proliferation. PMID: 26847056
  20. In this article, we review the functions, expression, and regulation of IL-15 for designing an improved IL-15-based therapy targeting the IL-15 signaling pathway. PMID: 27325459
  21. n this study, authors compared the concentrations of IL-15 and IL-7 in the plasma of MDS patients (n = 20) compared with that in the plasma of healthy controls (n = 20). Results indicated that exposure to high levels of IL-15 may be involved in the T cell phenotype conversion observed in MDS. PMID: 27036031
  22. The presence of IL15 rs10833 AA genotype in HIV-/HCV-co-infected patients was associated with advanced liver fibrosis, inflammation-related biomarkers and increased rates of sustained virological response to pegIFN-alpha/RBV therapy. PMID: 26836972
  23. High IL15 expression is associated with endometriosis. PMID: 27190213
  24. IL-15 drives bystander activation of CD8+ T cells, which predicts disease progression in untreated HIV-1-infected patients and suggests that elevated IL-15 may also drive CD8+ T cell expansion that is linked to increased morbidity and mortality in treated patients PMID: 27322062
  25. Sustained virologic response was significantly associated with IL15 rs10833 in chronic hepatitis C patients, treated with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin. PMID: 28827115
  26. IL-15 mRNA and protein levels significantly increased in rhHBcAg stimulation group compared with non-stimulated group. PMID: 28274303
  27. this work provides evidence that the sushi-IL-15Ralpha/IL-15 fusion protein RLI enhances antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 treatment and is a promising approach to stimulate host immunity PMID: 27217584
  28. This analysis revealed highly connected functional interaction networks with two candidate genes, IL15 and SEC14L5 highly enriched in networks. Overall, from these results, we concluded that these genes can be recommended as some of the potential targets for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. PMID: 27997584
  29. These data support a potential role for IL-15 in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated immune activation. PMID: 27880829
  30. 15Ralpha/15 complexes represent a potent adjuvant for augmenting the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy. Such cell-bound or soluble 15Ralpha/15 complexes could be developed for use in combination immunotherapy approaches. PMID: 27227483
  31. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) pathogenesis remains unknown, and there are no curative therapies. Our findings not only demonstrate a critical role for IL15-mediated inflammation in cutaneous T-cell lymphomagenesis, but also uncover a new oncogenic regulatory loop in CTCL involving IL15, HDAC1, HDAC6, and miR-21 that shows differential sensitivity to isotype-specific HDAC inhibitors PMID: 27422033
  32. we provide the first direct evidence that IL-15 is expressed both at the mRNA and protein level in human salivary gland epithelial cells and it is clear that salivary glands from primary Sjogren's syndrome patients showed an intensified epithelial expression of IL-15 PMID: 27567226
  33. Data show a greater expression of interleukin 15 (IL-15) mRNA in healing wounds compared with non-healing wounds. PMID: 27460304
  34. Our study indicates that the IL15 +96522A/C polymorphism correlates with the severity of Hashimoto's disease (HD), most likely by increasing Th17 cells. PMID: 28164472
  35. this study shows that IL-15 induces cytokine-induced killer cells with a potent cytotoxic activity mostly against tumor cells from epithelial solid malignancies via NKG2D-mediated mechanism. PMID: 27615504
  36. IL-15 is able to significantly regulate the inflammatory infiltration of macrophages in polymyositis patients through affecting the NF-kB pathway and MMP-9 expression levels. PMID: 27374114
  37. IL-15 mRNA expression was significantly higher in patients with moderately severe viral bronchiolitis compared to controls and patients with severe disease. Serum IL15 correlated with disease severity. PMID: 26541527
  38. These data underline the potential of "free" IL15 in the absence of Ralpha-complex as a powerful and specific immuno-modulator, which may be beneficial where selective immune-activation is desired. PMID: 26822794
  39. Culturing NK cells under hypoxia compared with ambient air (normoxia) and IL-15 priming synergistically augmented glycolytic gene expression without major changes in glycolytic flux and glucose consumption. PMID: 27129235
  40. Findings suggest for co-targeting shedding-derived soluble MIC (sMIC) to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of ALT-803 or other interleukin 15 (IL-15) agonists. PMID: 26625316
  41. Report improved antitumoral NK-cell activity in DC-based vaccine strategies through the use of IL-15/IL-15Ralpha mRNA-engineered designer DC. PMID: 26675759
  42. The novel mechanism of IL-15 transfer to the surface of antigen-processing DCs may explain the enhanced potency of IL-15:IL-15Ralpha-coated nanoparticles for antigen delivery. PMID: 26719339
  43. Virtual memory T cells develop and mediate bystander protective immunity in an IL-15-dependent manner. PMID: 27097762
  44. results demonstrated the relative functional deficiencies of alpha-GalCer induced UCB iNKT cells, which can be ameliorated by IL-15 PMID: 26481260
  45. Protein, mRNA, and serum expression levels of MMP-7 and IL-15 in patients with osteoarthritis were all significantly increased in osteoarthritis patients compared with the control group. PMID: 26464654
  46. Downregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation enhances tumoricidal effect of IL-15-activated dendritic cell against doxorubicin-resistant lymphoma and leukemia via TNF-alpha. PMID: 26255115
  47. Exercise-stimulated interleukin-15 is controlled by AMPK and regulates skin metabolism and aging. PMID: 25902870
  48. Studeis indicate that expression of interleukin-15 (IL-15) in tissues promotes T helper 1 cell-mediated immunity. PMID: 26567920
  49. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism to attenuate IL-15-dependent NK cell proliferation and suggest that inhibitory NK cell receptors contribute to NK cell homeostasis. PMID: 26453750
  50. IL15 was expressed primarily in the suprabulb of the hair follicle. PMID: 26479922

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Subcellular Location
[Isoform IL15-S48AA]: Secreted.; [Isoform IL15-S21AA]: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=IL15-S21AA is not secreted, but rather is stored intracellularly, appearing in the nucleus and cytoplasmic components.
Protein Families
IL-15/IL-21 family
Tissue Specificity
Most abundant in placenta and skeletal muscle. It is also detected in the heart, lung, liver and kidney. IL15-S21AA is preferentially expressed in tissues such as testis and thymus.
Database Links

HGNC: 5977

OMIM: 600554

KEGG: hsa:3600

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000296545

UniGene: Hs.168132

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