The recombinant mouse Pdgfd protein is co-expressed with an N-terminal 6xHis-SUMO tag in E. coli. The Pdgfd gene fragment (24-370aa) with the N-terminal 6xHis-SUMO tag gene is cloned into a suitable vector, which is transfected into E.coli cells. E.coli cells are induced to express the Pdgfd protein following the addition of IPTG. The Pdgfd protein is purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. After elution, the purified recombinant Pdgfd protein is analyzed using SDS-PAGE to obtain a purity greater than 90%.
Mouse Pdgfd is secreted as a disulfide-bonded dimer and primarily signals through the PDGFR-β [1][2]. It has been implicated in several physiological and pathological conditions, including vascular remodeling, fibrosis, and tumor progression.
In the context of vascular biology, Pdgfd has been shown to induce significant changes in vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs), leading to conditions such as cardiac fibrosis and atherosclerosis [3][4]. Specifically, studies have demonstrated that overexpression of Pdgfd in transgenic mouse models results in enhanced proliferation of vSMCs, which contributes to the thickening of the vessel wall and subsequent cardiovascular complications [3][5]. Furthermore, Pdgfd has been associated with mesangial cell proliferation in renal glomerulopathy, indicating its role in kidney disease [6][7].
Pdgfd has been recognized for its involvement in tumor biology. It has been shown to promote tumor growth and invasion in various cancer models, including prostate and endometrial cancers [8][9]. In prostate cancer, Pdgfd not only enhances tumor cell proliferation but also facilitates interactions with the surrounding stroma, which is critical for tumor progression [10]. Additionally, Pdgfd has been linked to glioma pathogenesis, where it contributes to tumor growth and angiogenesis [11][12]. The signaling pathways activated by Pdgfd are complex and involve various downstream effects, including the activation of matrix metalloproteinases, which are crucial for extracellular matrix remodeling and tumor metastasis [9][13].
References:
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