Product Details

Uniprot No.

Target Names

Alternative Names

DKFZp686D0638 antibody; Glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha antibody; Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha antibody; GSK 3 alpha antibody; GSK 3A antibody; GSK-3 alpha antibody; Gsk3a antibody; GSK3A_HUMAN antibody; GSK3alpha antibody; Serine/threonine protein kinase GSK3A antibody

Species Reactivity

Human

Immunogen

A synthesized peptide derived from Human Phospho-GSK3A/GSK3B (Y216 + Y279)

Immunogen Species

Homo sapiens (Human)

Conjugate

Non-conjugated

Clonality

Monoclonal

Isotype

Rabbit IgG

Clone No.

4A5

Purification Method

Affinity-chromatography

Concentration

It differs from different batches. Please contact us to confirm it.

Buffer

Rabbit IgG in 10mM phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM sodium chloride, 0.05% BSA, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.

Form

Liquid

Tested Applications

ELISA, IHC

Recommended Dilution

Application	Recommended Dilution
IHC	1:50-1:200

Protocols

ELISA Protocol
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocol

Troubleshooting and FAQs

Antibody FAQs

Storage

Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.

Lead Time

Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.

Description

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha and beta represent critical serine/threonine kinases that orchestrate numerous cellular processes, from glycogen metabolism to neuronal development and survival. Phosphorylation at tyrosine 216 (GSK3A) and tyrosine 279 (GSK3B) serves as a key regulatory mechanism that enhances kinase activity, making these phosphorylation sites valuable markers for studying GSK3 activation states in neurodegenerative disease models, metabolic disorders, and developmental biology research.

This recombinant monoclonal antibody, clone 4A5, offers the reproducibility that phospho-specific detection demands. Because recombinant antibodies are produced from defined genetic sequences rather than hybridoma supernatants, you can expect consistent performance across experiments and between lot numbers—particularly important when tracking subtle changes in phosphorylation status over time or across treatment conditions. The rabbit IgG format, purified by affinity chromatography, provides high specificity for the dual phosphorylation epitope spanning both GSK3 isoforms.

Validation in immunohistochemistry demonstrates reliable performance in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tissues. Testing in human pancreatic tissue sections using a Leica Bond system with citrate buffer antigen retrieval at pH 6.0 confirmed specific staining at 1:100 dilution, with recommended working concentrations ranging from 1:50 to 1:200 depending on your tissue type and detection system. The antibody is also validated for ELISA applications, providing flexibility for both quantitative and spatial analysis of GSK3 phosphorylation.

For researchers investigating GSK3 signaling in neuroscience contexts—whether exploring its roles in tau phosphorylation, synaptic plasticity, or neuroprotection—this phospho-specific antibody delivers the specificity and consistency needed for meaningful experimental insights.

Usage

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Related Products

Target Background

Function

Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC and AXIN1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. Contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. Regulates glycogen metabolism in liver, but not in muscle. May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors. In Wnt signaling, regulates the level and transcriptional activity of nuclear CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Facilitates amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and the generation of APP-derived amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer disease. May be involved in the regulation of replication in pancreatic beta-cells. Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth. Through phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, may control cell apoptosis in response to growth factors deprivation. Acts as a regulator of autophagy by mediating phosphorylation of KAT5/TIP60 under starvation conditions, leading to activate KAT5/TIP60 acetyltransferase activity and promote acetylation of key autophagy regulators, such as ULK1 and RUBCNL/Pacer. Negatively regulates extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors. Promotes the formation of an anti-apoptotic complex, made of DDX3X, BRIC2 and GSK3B, at death receptors, including TNFRSF10B. The anti-apoptotic function is most effective with weak apoptotic signals and can be overcome by stronger stimulation.

Gene References into Functions

GSK-3a and GSK-3b play pivotal roles in hepatocellular carcinoma. (Review) PMID: 28619606
he combined action of CHIR99021 and forskolin markedly delayed neurological deficits and significantly reduced the tumor volume. We suggest that reprogramming technology may be a potential treatment strategy replacing the therapeutic paradigm of traditional treatment of malignant glioma, and a combination molecule comprising a GSK3 inhibitor and a cAMP inducer could be the next generation of anticancer drugs. PMID: 29161257
Using integrated analysis of genome-wide short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screening data in combination with genome-wide gene expression data, the study identified GSK3 as one of the key factors in p53-mediated apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. PMID: 28662516
demonstrated that GSK-3alpha is regulated by CREB in lung cancer and is required for the cell viability. These findings implicate CREB-GSK-3alpha axis as a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment PMID: 27049759
GSK3 acts through APC motifs R2 and B to regulate APC:Axin interactions, promoting high-throughput of betacatenin to destruction. PMID: 26393419
reveals that GSK-3alpha- and GSK-3beta-regulated pathways can be responsible for stepwise transition to myelodysplastic syndromes and subsequent acute myeloid leukemia PMID: 26766591
CHP3 functions as a novel negative regulator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via inhibition of GSK3alpha/beta phosphorylation. PMID: 25935310
Elevated GSK3 protein kinase activity is associated with non-small cell lung carcinoma PMID: 25486534
GSK3A is redundant with GSK3B in regulating drug-resistance and chemotherapy-induced necroptosis PMID: 24984063
ER stress-PERK-GSK3alpha/beta signaling promotes proatherogenic macrophage lipid accumulation PMID: 25183803
glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha and beta activity is increased in foetal membranes after term and preterm labour PMID: 25550525
TRAIL-induced apoptosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines is enhanced by pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) or by shRNA-mediated depletion of either GSK-3alpha or GSK-3beta. PMID: 24675460
Data indicate that autophagy inhibition promotes glycogen synthase kinase-(GSK3) inhibition-induced apoptosis. PMID: 25561726
PtpA has a role in promoting anti-apoptotic activity of protein-dependent dephosphorylation of host GSK3alpha PMID: 25187516
Protein Kinase B-dependent phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase GSK-3 contributes to the pro-fibrotic signaling leading to renal tissue fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy PMID: 24685987
This review highlights the emerging role of GSK3alpha in Alzheimer's disease which has been largely overlooked in favor of GSK3beta. PMID: 24254703
In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human neutrophils, GSK-3-alpha inhibitors mimicked the effect of LiCl, by potentiating TNF-alpha release after 4 h. GSK-3 inhibition prolongs activation of the p38/MNK1/eIF4E pathway of mRNA translation. PMID: 24803542
JNK and GSK3 especially are potential signaling molecules regulating BMP-induced osteoblastic human mesenchymal stem cells differentiation. PMID: 24060635
GSK-3 expression and regulation in human neutrophils, was investigated. PMID: 24035907
this studydemonstrated abundant levels of the critical negative cell-cycle regulators, p27(Kip1), its phosphorylated form, p-p27(S10), p18Ink4c, and GSK-3, in beta-cells of both adult human and mouse pancreatic islets, which contribute to maintenance of beta-cell quiescence. PMID: 23896637
The involvement of GSK-3 in several key pathophysiological pathways leading to AD and neurodegenerative diseases has placed this enzyme in a central position in this disorder. PMID: 23621307
GSK3alpha, GSK3beta, and MAPK13 were found to be the most active tau kinases, phosphorylating tau at all four epitopes. PMID: 23798682
Studies indicate the therapeutic potential of GSK-3 inhibitors for treatment of neurodegenerative and behavior disorders. PMID: 23369789
Lower phosphorylation levels of GSK3A is associated with poor treatment response in rectal cancer. PMID: 22658458
Findings suggest that inhibiton of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and PI3K, and release of Bim from Bcl-2/Bcl-xL and GSK3alpha/beta culminating in Bax/Bak activation and apoptosis. PMID: 23243017
GSK-3 may play a crucial role in the inflammatory process in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). PMID: 23352529
GSK-3alpha is more prevalent in low Gleason score tumors, where it might promote androgen-dependent proliferation by activating androgen receptor. PMID: 22539113
glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), when deinhibited by default in cells deprived of growth factors, activates acetyltransferase TIP60 through phosphorylating TIP60-Ser86, which acetylates and stimulates the protein kinase ULK1, which is required for autophagy PMID: 22539723
investigated whether GSK-3 activity is regulated by thymosin beta-4 (Tbeta4) and associated with Tbeta4-mediated migration in gastric cancer cells; expression of GSK-3alpha, beta-catenin and E-cadherin could be negatively regulated by Tbeta4 induced ERK phosphorylation; suggests that Tbeta4 could be a novel regulator to control Wnt signal pathway PMID: 22328534
GSK3 inhibitor-BIO regulates proliferation of immortalized pancreatic mesenchymal stem cells PMID: 22384031
GSK-3alpha has a role and is a target in human acute myeloid leukemia PMID: 22326953
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 promotes p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) activity and cell proliferation. PMID: 22065737
Data show that p53 directly up-regulates microRNA-149* (miR-149*) that in turn targets glycogen synthase kinase-3alpha, resulting in increased expression of Mcl-1 and resistance to apoptosis in melanoma cells. PMID: 21896753
GSK3 acts as a molecular brake on the signaling pathway, leading to TF expression in monocytes interacting with activated platelets PMID: 21320285
The authors demonstrate that inhibition of GSK-3 dampens Bacillus anthracis edema toxin-induced maturation and migration processes of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. PMID: 21576335
Overexpression of glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha in ovarian carcinoma cells is associated with acquired paclitaxel resistance. PMID: 21436692
Investigations with human tissues in this review strongly support the postulate that GSK3 has a pathological role in mood disorders and is likely a therapeutic target in mood disorder treatment. PMID: 20668436
Data show that the effects of PI3K-Akt signalling on IL-10 responses were mediated at least in part by GSK3. PMID: 21255011
in multiple myeloma cells GSK-3alpha and beta play distinct roles in cell survival and modulate the sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors PMID: 20920357
Phosphorylation of proteins in the brain associated with Alzheimer's disease is altered in cortical tissue lacking transgenic glycogen synthase kinase-3alpha and -3ss. PMID: 20831597
widely expressed throughout the hair follicles PMID: 19705135
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3) plays a central role in promoting glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. PMID: 20371704
GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. PMID: 20541704
study suggests that downstream signaling components of the PI3K/Akt pathway, GSK3 & cyclin D2 as well as the significant interaction between PTEN-PDK and between pAkt-pGSK3beta, are involved in the survival and proliferation of leiomyomas. PMID: 19464003
the N termini of both GSK-3 isoforms were dispensable, whereas progressive C-terminal deletions resulted in protein misfolding exhibited by deficient activity, impaired ability to interact with Axin, and a loss of Tyr(279/216) phosphorylation PMID: 20080974
Studies show that GSK-3 and Omi/HtrA2 synergistically cause annexin A2 cleavage and then cell cycle inhibition or apoptosis. PMID: 19656851
immunoreactivity of IGF-I and GSK3a/b signaling pathways studied in ALS spinal cords and hippocampus with special reference to Kii and Guam ALS patients: in Japanese ALS patients, IGF-I expression was positively correlated with the clinical duration. PMID: 19323791
improves insulin action and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle PMID: 12086949
GSK3alpha is a potential regulator of platelet function PMID: 14550568
Data show that myotubes defective in glycogen synthase (GS) activity express insulin-responsive glycogen synthase kinase-3alpha, suggesting that failure of insulin to decrease GS phosphorylation involves abnormal activity of another kinase or phosphatase. PMID: 15194499

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Protein Families

Protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, GSK-3 subfamily

Database Links

HGNC: 4616

OMIM: 606784

KEGG: hsa:2931

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000222330

UniGene: Hs.466828

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Code	CSB-RA009962A216phHU
Size	US$210
	Order now
Image	IHC image of CSB-RA009962A216phHU diluted at 1:100 and staining in paraffin-embedded human pancreatic tissue performed on a Leica BondTM system. After dewaxing and hydration, antigen retrieval was mediated by high pressure in a citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Section was blocked with 10% normal goat serum 30min at RT. Then primary antibody (1% BSA) was incubated at 4℃ overnight. The primary is detected by a biotinylated secondary antibody and visualized using an HRP conjugated SP system.
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Phospho-GSK3A/GSK3B (Y216 + Y279) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

Product Details

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Customer Reviews and Q&A

Target Background