Product Details

Purity

>98% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Endotoxin

Less than 1.0 EU/μg as determined by LAL method.

Activity

Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The biological activity determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using human T-lymphocytes is in a concentration range of 1.0-10 ng/ml.

Target Names

CCL15

Uniprot No.

Q16663

Research Area

Immunology

Alternative Names

C-C motif chemokine 15; C-C motif chemokine ligand 15; CC chemokine 3; CCL15; CCL15(29-92); CCL15_HUMAN; Chemokine (C C motif) ligand 15; Chemokine CC-2; Chemokine CC2; HCC-2; HCC2; HMRP 2B; HMRP2B; Leukotactin 1; Leukotactin-1; LKN-1; LKN1; Macrophage inflammatory protein 5; MIP 1D; MIP-1 delta; MIP-1D; MIP-5; MIP1 delta; MIP1d; MIP5; MRP 2B; Mrp-2b; Mrp2b; NCC 3; NCC-3; NCC3; New CC chemokine 3; OTTHUMP00000163955; SCYA15; SCYL3; Small inducible cytokine A15; Small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys Cys); member 15; Small-inducible cytokine A15; SY15

Species

Homo sapiens (Human)

Source

E.coli

Expression Region

46-113aa

Complete Sequence

SFHFAADCCT SYISQSIPCS LMKSYFETSS ECSKPGVIFL TKKGRQVCAK PSGPGVQDCM KKLKPYSI

Mol. Weight

7.4 kDa

Protein Length

Partial

Tag Info

Tag-Free

Form

Lyophilized powder

Buffer

Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered PBS, pH 7.4

Reconstitution

We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.

Troubleshooting and FAQs

Protein FAQs

Storage Condition

Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shelf Life

The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.

Lead Time

5-10 business days

Notes

Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Datasheet & COA

Please contact us to get it.

Target Background

Function

Chemotactic factor that attracts T-cells and monocytes, but not neutrophils, eosinophils, or B-cells. Acts mainly via CC chemokine receptor CCR1. Also binds to CCR3. CCL15(22-92), CCL15(25-92) and CCL15(29-92) are more potent chemoattractants than the small-inducible cytokine A15.

Gene References into Functions

CCL15 secreted from SMAD4-deficient xenografted human colorectal cancer cells recruited CCR1(+) cells, promoting their metastatic activities to the lung. Lung metastases from colorectal cancer patients revealed that CCL15 expression correlated with loss of SMAD4. CCL15-positive metastases recruited approximately 1.9 times more numbers of CCR1(+) cells than CCL15-negative metastases. PMID: 27492974
CCL15 activation of CCR1 plays critical roles in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. PMID: 26501423
Orthotopic animal models of HCC were established to investigate the role of CCL15 in hMSCs migration toward HCC in vivo. Both histological and flow cytometric analysis showed that significantly fewer hMSCs localized within 97H-CCL15-shRNA xenografts compared with 97H-green fluorescent protein xenografts after intravenous delivery PMID: 26763650
Loss of SMAD4 was significantly associated with CCL15 expression. PMID: 26341919
follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) might induce tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration by producing CCL15. Measurement of TAMs and CCL15 in follicular thyroid lesions may be applied clinically to differentiate FTC from follicular adenoma PMID: 26875556
two inflammatory cytokines, MIP-1delta and MIP-3alpha, are able to increase mesenchymal stromal cells migration in vitro PMID: 25579056
we investigated a role of CCL15 in upregulating ICAM-1 in endothelial cells PMID: 23690481
CCL15 is elevated in human asthma and correlates with disease severity . PMID: 22092970
Data show that Only three of these proteins EGF, PDGF-BB and MIP-1delta (CCL15) differed significantly in plasma between controls and Alzheimer's disease (AD). PMID: 22279551
increased secretion by macrophages during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection PMID: 20016943
truncation of NH2-terminal amino acid residues increases agonistic potency on CC chemokine receptors 1 and 3 PMID: 11832479
Lkn-1 activates the ERK pathway by transducing the signal through G(i)/G(o) protein, PLC, PKC delta and Ras, and it may play a role for cell proliferation, differentiation, and regulation of gene expression for other cellular processes PMID: 12759139
These observations demonstrate that the two NF-kappaB binding sites are essential for phorbol myristate acetate-induced leukotactin-1 (Lkn-1)/CCL15 expression in human monocytes. PMID: 15179048
CCL15(25-92) has in vitro and in vivo angiogenic activity PMID: 15251437
alanine-aspartic acid residues preceding the first cysteine at the NH(2)-terminus are essential for the binding and biological activity of leukotactin-1 PMID: 15894113
Compared with full-length CCL15, proteolytically processed CCL15 isoforms with N-terminal deletions display increased potency to induce calcium fluxes and chemotactic activity on monocytes and to induce adhesiveness of mononuclear cells to fibronectin. PMID: 16034099
Transcription of the CCL15 gene is regulated by AP-1 and NF-kappaB through MEK and JNK MAPK pathways in monocytoid cells. PMID: 16364464
Results point to an involvement of the CCL15-CCR1 axis in the pathophysiology of chronic renal failure. PMID: 16737685
factor NF-kappaB plays an important role in regulation of LZIP expression, and LZIP expression regulates the monocyte cell migration induced by Lkn-1 PMID: 17296613

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Subcellular Location

Secreted.

Protein Families

Intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family

Tissue Specificity

Most abundant in heart, skeletal muscle and adrenal gland. Lower levels in placenta, liver, pancreas and bone marrow. CCL15(22-92), CCL15(25-92) and CCL15(29-92) are found in high levels in synovial fluids from rheumatoid patients.

Database Links

HGNC: 10613

OMIM: 601393

KEGG: hsa:6359

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000432034

UniGene: Hs.272493