Name: Recombinant Human Dickkopf-related protein 1(DKK1) (Active)
Brand: CUSABIO
SKU: CSB-MP006920HU(A4)

Product Details

Description	This Human DKK1 recombinant protein was produced in mammalian cell, where the gene sequence encoding Human DKK1 (32-266aa) was expressed with the C-terminal 10xHis tag. The purity of this DKK1 protein was greater than 95% by SDS-PAGE. The activity was validated. DKK1 (Dickkopf-related protein 1), a member of the DKK family (including DKK1, DKK2, DKK3, DKK4), was first discovered in Xenopus laevis, also known as Dickkopf-1, Dkk-1. It can regulate Xenopus head development by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, so it is regarded as a classic inhibitor. The Wnt signaling pathway is one of the most classic and important signaling pathways in cell signaling pathways, and it is widely involved in the processes of cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration and angiogenesis. DKK1 is an important regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. There are two ways for DKK1 to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. One is that DKK1 competitively binds to LRP5/6 to prevent the formation of the complex, resulting in the blockage of the Wnt pathway; the other is that DKK1 interacts with the single-channel transmembrane protein (Krm1) /Krm2 and LRP5/6/ combine with each other to form a ternary complex. This complex undergoes rapid endocytosis, leading to clearance of LRP5/6 from the plasma membrane, and LRP5/6 cannot interact with Wnt ligands, thereby inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Endotoxin	Less than 1.0 EU/ug as determined by LAL method.
Activity	Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Human DKK1 at 2 μg/mL can bind Anti-DKK1 recombinant antibody (CSB-RA006920MA1HU), the EC50 is 1.283-2.544 ng/mL.
Target Names	DKK1
Uniprot No.	O94907
Research Area	Cardiovascular
Alternative Names	(Dickkopf-1)(Dkk-1)( hDkk-1)(SK)
Molecular Characterization
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Source	Mammalian cell
Expression Region	32-266aa
Target Protein Sequence	TLNSVLNSNAIKNLPPPLGGAAGHPGSAVSAAPGILYPGGNKYQTIDNYQPYPCAEDEECGTDEYCASPTRGGDAGVQICLACRKRRKRCMRHAMCCPGNYCKNGICVSSDQNHFRGEIEETITESFGNDHSTLDGYSRRTTLSSKMYHTKGQEGSVCLRSSDCASGLCCARHFWSKICKPVLKEGQVCTKHRRKGSHGLEIFQRCYCGEGLSCRIQKDHHQASNSSRLHTCQRH
Mol. Weight	28.5 kDa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Tag Info	C-terminal 10xHis-tagged
Form	Lyophilized powder Note: We will preferentially ship the format that we have in stock, however, if you have any special requirement for the format, please remark your requirement when placing the order, we will prepare according to your demand.
Buffer	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered 20 mM Tris-HCl, 0.5 M NaCl, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0
Reconstitution	We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20℃/-80℃. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.
Troubleshooting and FAQs	Protein FAQs
Storage Condition	Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Shelf Life	The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself. Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Lead Time	Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 3-7 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time may differ from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4℃ for up to one week.
Datasheet & COA	Please contact us to get it.

Target Background

Function	Antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting LRP5/6 interaction with Wnt and by forming a ternary complex with the transmembrane protein KREMEN that promotes internalization of LRP5/6. DKKs play an important role in vertebrate development, where they locally inhibit Wnt regulated processes such as antero-posterior axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis and eye formation. In the adult, Dkks are implicated in bone formation and bone disease, cancer and Alzheimer disease. Inhibits the pro-apoptotic function of KREMEN1 in a Wnt-independent manner, and has anti-apoptotic activity.
Gene References into Functions	Results provide evidence that DKK-1 is involved in the progression of prostate cancer (PC). DKK-1-mediated inhibition of osteoblasts, which contributes to tumor progression and osteolytic metastases, may also play a role in the development of metastases with osteoblastic features. PMID: 30116403 our findings suggest that glucocorticoid-induced expression of Dkk-1 could be a key factor in modulating the differentiation ability of MSCs used for osteonecrosis of the femur head and other stem cell therapies. PMID: 29084466 MicroRNA152 inhibits cell proliferation of osteosarcoma through DKK1. PMID: 29845282 this study shows that DKK1 is increased in vitiligo in lesional and peri-lesional skin of acral and non-acral lesions PMID: 29605863 Dkk-1 and PTH levels in psoriatic arthritis are lower than healthy female controls, in contrast with rheumatoid arthritis, in which they are increased PMID: 28634697 this study suggests that higher expression of DKK1 in the dermis induced senescence in melanocytes that may lead to hypopigmentation and play role in vitiligo pathogenesis PMID: 29442138 TNF-alpha, DKK1, and OPG have roles in pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis PMID: 28676900 Serum level of DKK-1 is elevated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to healthy controls, suggesting an important role of DKK-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of RA [review]. PMID: 29665496 the staining intensity of DKK1 was significantly stronger in the placentas of the severe preeclampsia group PMID: 29603045 Serum OPN and DKK1 levels of hepatocellular carcinoma patients could be considered as novel biomarkers showing prognostic significance after hepatectomy based on long-term survival data PMID: 29753515 These findings suggested that decreased circulating DKK-1 levels are associated with the development and severity of exudative age-related macular degeneration, and have potential to become a biomarker for exudative age-related macular degeneration. PMID: 28455497 In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, higher levels of DKK1 were found in patients with lower functional status.This could be explained by more structural damage; DKK1 could be used as a biomarker of joint destruction in RA. PMID: 29282619 The Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a secreted inhibitor of beta-catenin-dependent Wnt signalling and was originally characterized as a tumour suppressor based on the prevailing view that Wnt signalling promotes cancer pathogenesis. PMID: 28574171 Collectively, our data strongly suggest that stress-related neurohormones, such as GCs, cause DP cells to secrete DKK1, which in turn inhibits hair growth. PMID: 28155238 the inhibitory effects of silencing miR-217 on stem cell properties and Wnt signaling were reversed by the downregulation of DKK1 in miR-217-downregulated cells. Therefore, our results indicate that miR-217 plays a vital role in the CSC-like phenotypes of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and may be used as a potential therapeutic target against HCC. PMID: 28849121 In our cohort of pregnant women, sclerostin and DKK1 were not associated with any adverse metabolic profile, and possibly do not play relevant roles in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus. PMID: 28277306 Serum DKK-1 levels in axial spondyloarthritis depend on disease duration. As disease duration increases, DKK-1 serum levels decrease. PMID: 27297260 inhibition of the mTOR pathway increases sensitivity of melanoma cells towards temozolomide, which is associated with enhanced expression of the Wnt antagonist DKK1 PMID: 28423208 Inhibition of DKK1 expression effectively decrease plaque stability by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cellular apoptosis through intiating the JNK pathway and inhibiting Wnt/betacatenin and following by activation of the IRE1alpha and eif2alpha/CHOP pathways. PMID: 28703797 This study demonstrated that DKK-1 may be a predictor for prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. PMID: 28749252 synovial fluid Dkk-1 levels are positively related to the severity of joint damage in knee osteoarthritis. PMID: 28451870 DKK1 exerts its pro-invasion function at least in part through the beta-catenin/ MMP-7 signaling pathway, suggesting DKK1 as a potential therapeutic target for human hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA). PMID: 27608843 Sclerostin But Not Dickkopf-1 has roles in increasing prevalence of osteoporotic fracture and lower bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women PMID: 27289555 High serum levels of sclerostin and Dkk-1 are associated with acute ischaemic stroke PMID: 27573735 regulated by Dkk-1 secreted by Multiple Myeloma cells and is a potential mechanism contributing to the osteoblast dysfunction noted in Multiple Myeloma. PMID: 26763740 DKK1 c.121G>A (p.(A41T)) variant was identified in the family with Chiari malformation type 1. Screening of DKK1 in a cohort of 65 CMI sporadic patients identified another missense variant, the c.359G>T (p.(R120L)), in two unrelated patients. PMID: 28513615 LRP6 ectodomain becomes highly compact upon complexation with the Wnt antagonist Dkk1, suggesting a potential role for the ectodomain conformational change in the regulation of receptor oligomerization and signaling. PMID: 28052259 Our results suggest that measurement of DKK-1 combined with DKK-1 autoantibodies is a potentially valuable tool for the early detection of ESCC. PMID: 26988995 TET1 potently inhibited canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by demethylating and upregulating two upstream antagonists of this pathway, SFRP2 and DKK1, which was associated with inhibition of EMT and cancer cell metastasis. PMID: 28851501 This is the first study demonstrating a link between B cell depletion and skin Dkk-1 upregulation in patients with systemic sclerosis PMID: 27208972 We found significantly increased levels of DKK-1 in patients with acute CO poisoning, compared to healthy controls. High levels of serum DKK-1 in patients were significantly correlated with severe neurological symptoms. PMID: 27353797 DKK1 prevents lung metastasis of breast cancer cells but promotes breast-to-bone metastasis. PMID: 28892080 Structure of the dual-mode Wnt regulator Kremen1 and insight into ternary complex formation with LRP6 and DKK1 have been presented. PMID: 27524201 Expression of Cancer stem cells-associated DKK1 mRNA might be an unfavorable prognostic marker for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 28870909 In chronic kidney disease, serum levels of the Wnt inhibitors DKK1 and sclerostin are unrelated, indicating different sites of origin and/ or different regulatory mechanisms. Sclerostin, as opposed to DKK1, may qualify as a biomarker of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone and mineral disorder (CKD-MBD), particularly in dialysis patients. PMID: 28493902 endogenous expression of the WNT antagonists DKK1 and FRZB is necessary for multiple steps during chondrogenesis PMID: 27733096 The expression level of DKK1 in serum was increased in breast cancer patients, suggesting that serum expression level of DKK1 could be a useful biomarker in breast cancer. PMID: 28248066 Results show that the expression of DKK1 is elevated in human HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. PMID: 28419472 DKK-1 and PDCD5 can be independent predictors of overall survival in patients suffering from chondrosarcoma. PMID: 27255549 In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma serum DKK1 level correlated with tumor size, consequently, patients with bigger tumors tend to have higher levels of DKK1. PMID: 27161933 Our results indicate that DKK1 and SFRP1 may be potentially useful biomarkers for evaluating the beneficial effects of long-term exercise on physical fitness and metabolism as well as the prognosis of patients with cancer. PMID: 28178355 Dickkopf-1 and sclerostin were never correlated with each other or with bone turnover markers patients with Paget's disease of bone PMID: 28054306 these findings suggest that DKK1 induces the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes migration and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Mechanically, b-catenin plays a vital role in DKK1-induced non-small cell lung cancer cell migration and invasion, and DKK1 inhibits the phosphorylation of b-catenin, resulting in the increased nuclear localization of b-catenin. PMID: 28677426 Results suggest that miR-107 is likely to inhibit the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma by down-regulating Dkk-1 via the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. PMID: 28682874 Recombinant Dkk1 suppresses beta-catenin target genes in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) from mice and humans and anti-Dkk1 loses its antitumor effects in mice lacking beta-catenin in myeloid cells or after depletion of MDSCs, demonstrating that Dkk1 directly targets MDSCs. PMID: 27045006 Luciferase-fused 3' untranslated region of human Dickkopf1 activity was highly upregulated in A1CF-overexpressed MCF7 cells, but this upregulation can be inhibited by mutating conserved binding motifs of Dickkopf1 3' untranslated region. A1CF played a crucial role in cell migration and survival through affecting 3' untranslated region of Dickkopf1 to upregulate its expression in MCF7 cells. PMID: 28639893 Circulating sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 levels do not change across the menstrual cycle and do not demonstrate any relationship with estradiol in premenopausal women. PMID: 27601021 Results found miR-203 and DKK1 to be expressed at differential levels in cisplatin-sensitive and -insensitive lung adenocarcinoma tissues; there was also a negative correlation between them. PMID: 28350100 Serum levels of OPG and DKK-1 were measured in 97 rheumatoid arthritis patients who were treated according to a treat-to-target strategy (T2T) aimed at remission (DAS28<2.6). PMID: 27911913 DKK1 can promote vasculogenic mimicry formation via induction of the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem-like cell-related proteins. PMID: 27240974 Show More Hide All
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Dickkopf family
Tissue Specificity	Placenta.
Database Links	HGNC: 2891 OMIM: 605189 KEGG: hsa:22943 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000363081 UniGene: Hs.40499

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Code	CSB-MP006920HU(A4)
Size
Image	(Tris-Glycine gel) Discontinuous SDS-PAGE (reduced) with 5% enrichment gel and 15% separation gel. Activity Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Human DKK1 at 2 μg/mL can bind Anti-DKK1 recombinant antibody (CSB-RA006920MA1HU), the EC₅₀ is 1.283-2.544 ng/mL.
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Recombinant Human Dickkopf-related protein 1(DKK1) (Active)

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