HK2 Antibody

Code CSB-PA611310
Size US$166
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Image
  • The image on the left is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human brain tissue using CSB-PA611310(HK2 Antibody) at dilution 1/40, on the right is treated with fusion protein. (Original magnification: ×200)
  • The image on the left is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human thyroid cancer tissue using CSB-PA611310(HK2 Antibody) at dilution 1/40, on the right is treated with fusion protein. (Original magnification: ×200)
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Product Details

Uniprot No.
Target Names
HK2
Alternative Names
DKFZp686M1669 antibody; Hexokinase 2 antibody; Hexokinase 2 muscle antibody; Hexokinase type II antibody; Hexokinase-2 antibody; HK 2 antibody; HK II antibody; HK2 antibody; HKII antibody; HxK 2 antibody; HxK2 antibody; HXK2_HUMAN antibody; Muscle form hexokinase antibody
Raised in
Rabbit
Species Reactivity
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen
Fusion protein of Human HK2
Immunogen Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Conjugate
Non-conjugated
Isotype
IgG
Purification Method
Antigen affinity purification
Concentration
It differs from different batches. Please contact us to confirm it.
Buffer
-20°C, pH7.4 PBS, 0.05% NaN3, 40% Glycerol
Form
Liquid
Tested Applications
ELISA,IHC
Recommended Dilution
Application Recommended Dilution
ELISA 1:1000-1:5000
IHC 1:50-1:200
Troubleshooting and FAQs
Storage
Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
Lead Time
Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.

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Target Background

Function
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexose, such as D-glucose and D-fructose, to hexose 6-phosphate (D-glucose 6-phosphate and D-fructose 6-phosphate, respectively). Mediates the initial step of glycolysis by catalyzing phosphorylation of D-glucose to D-glucose 6-phosphate. Plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the outer mitochondrial membrane by preventing the release of apoptogenic molecules from the intermembrane space and subsequent apoptosis.
Gene References into Functions
  1. downregulation of HK2 gene may be caused by its negative regulation through microRNAs miR-9-5p, -98-5p, and -199-5p. PMID: 29695690
  2. this study reports the structure of HK2 in complex with glucose and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). PMID: 29298880
  3. Altogether, these findings provide strong support for the direct contribution of HK2 in B-cell lymphoma development and suggest that HK2 is a key metabolic driver of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma phenotype. PMID: 29335581
  4. Taken together, these findings suggested that UCA1 may have an important role in regulating radioresistance through the HK2/glycolytic pathway, providing novel potential targets to improve cervical cancer RT. PMID: 30015920
  5. Data suggest that HK2 plays role in cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer by regulating drug-induced, MAP kinase signaling-mediated autophagy. PMID: 29247711
  6. miR-125b-5p-HK2 pathway as a novel mechanism in regulating the glycolysis and progression of Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 29864898
  7. These findings provide clues regarding the role of miR-216a-5p as a tumor suppressor in uveal melanoma through the inhibition of HK2. PMID: 29763606
  8. Overexpression of miR-125b inhibits cellular glucose metabolism through direct targeting of hexokinase 2. PMID: 29631677
  9. Data indicate that hexokinase-2 (HK2) was the direct target of miR-125b. PMID: 29169422
  10. Tesults suggest that mTOR-STAT3-HK2 pathway is involved in the glycolysis of HCC cells and STAT3 may regulate HCC glycolysis through HK2 pathway. PMID: 28445971
  11. our results demonstrate that deregulation of HK2 expression has an important function in the progression of TSCC and may serve as a biomarker of its metastatic potential in TSCC patients. HK2 enhances the metastatic potential of TSCC by stimulating the SOD2-H2O2 pathway. PMID: 27926482
  12. present studies highlight miR-143 as a tumor suppressor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by the suppression of cell migration, glucose metabolism and proliferation through directly targeting HK2, rendering miR-143 a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of clinical OSCC patients. PMID: 28174335
  13. FOXM1 bound directly to the GLUT1 and HK2 promoter regions and regulated the promoter activities and the expression of the genes at the transcriptional level. This reveals a novel mechanism by which glucose metabolism is regulated by FOXM1. PMID: 27351131
  14. our findings supported a mechanism whereby targeting HK2 inhibition contributed to suppress HPV16 E7-induced tumor glycolysis metabolism phenotype, inhibiting tumor growth, and induced apoptosis, blocking the cancer cell energy sources and ultimately enhanced the sensitivity of HPV(+) cervical cancer cells to irradiation therapy PMID: 28498475
  15. Data suggest Hexokinase 2 (HK2) as a potentially effective therapeutic target in Glioblastoma (GBM). PMID: 27588472
  16. High HKII expresiion is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID: 26848773
  17. Results show that the hexokinase 2 (HK2) promoter CpG island (HK2-CGI) surrounding regions N-shore was hypomethylated, thereby enhancing HK2 expression, the HK2-CGI was itself hypermethylated in some hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). PMID: 27260001
  18. findings confirmed the tumorigenic activity of HK2 in glioma, and the involvement of the miR218/Bmi1 pathway in the regulation of its expression PMID: 29220380
  19. BAG3 directly stabilizes hexokinase 2 mRNA and promotes aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells. PMID: 29114069
  20. Previously unknown reciprocal influence of SIRT6 and HK2 in regulating autophagy driven monocyte differentiation. PMID: 28935467
  21. SIRT6 over-expression establishes a condition whereby reconfiguration of the Hexokinase 2 promoter chromatin structure makes it receptive to interaction with MZF1/SIRT6 complex, thereby favouring a regulatory state conducive to diminished transcription PMID: 28478957
  22. findings suggested that PVT1 contributes to osteosarcoma (OS) cell glucose metabolism, cell proliferation, and motility through the miR-497/HK2 pathway, and revealed a novel relation between lncRNA and the alteration of glycolysis in OS cells PMID: 28602700
  23. High HKII expression is associated with metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 28429188
  24. The EML4-ALK-mediated upregulation of HIF1alpha, HK2 and glycolytic metabolism was also highly active in vivo as demonstrated by fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography imaging of xenografts grown from EML4-ALK-positive NSCLC cells. PMID: 27132509
  25. relevant number of patients with FDG-PET false-negative multiple myeloma and a strong association between hexokinase-2 expression and this negativity: a finding which may also be relevant for clinical imaging of other hematological cancers. PMID: 28432222
  26. MicroRNA-98 Suppress Warburg Effect by Targeting HK2 in Colon Cancer Cells. PMID: 28025745
  27. High HK2 expression is associated with prostate cancer. PMID: 28098871
  28. Metformin downregulated both endogenous and exogenous UCA1 expression, leading to the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-hexokinase 2 signaling pathway. Our study provided the first evidence that metformin inhibited proliferation and glycolysis in cancer cells through regulation of long non-coding RNA UCA1 PMID: 28641488
  29. AKT inhibition blocks miR-124 silencing-induced AKT1/2, glucose transporter 1, hexokinase II activation, cell proliferation, and glycolytic or energy metabolism changes. In summary, this study demonstrated that miR-124 is able to inhibit proliferation, glycolysis, and energy metabolism, potentially by targeting AKT1/2-glucose transporter 1/hexokinase II in non-small cell lung cancer cells. PMID: 28488541
  30. Results from the simulations show that HK2 binding restricts the movement of the VDAC1 N-terminal helix. As a result, VDAC1 is kept in the open state most of the time and probably allows a constant supply of ATP to HK2 for glycolysis. PMID: 27544294
  31. These results suggest that HK2 plays important roles in the glycolytic, proliferation and migration properties of colorectal carcinoma PMID: 27363977
  32. HK2modulated glucose metabolism was significantly upregulated by overexpression of miR155. Notably, inhibition of miR155 sensitized lung cancer cells to irradiation via suppression of glucose metabolism. PMID: 27315591
  33. We demonstrated that the expression levels of glycolysis-related proteins glucose transporter 1, hexokinase II, carbonic anhydrase IX, and monocarbonylate transporter 4 differ between thyroid cancer subtypes and are correlated with poorer prognosis PMID: 28347233
  34. miR-181b directly inhibits the expression level of hexokinase 2 (HK2), a key enzyme that catalyzes the first step of glycolysis, through targeting its 3'-untranslated region. PMID: 27314295
  35. The N-terminal end of HKII has a mitochondrial-binding site and a VDAC bindig site. PMID: 26182367
  36. HK2 functions as a novel oncogene in lung cancer and may be a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer. PMID: 26802651
  37. Cells with HKII knockdown showed no changes in 3BP sensitivity, suggesting the effects of 3BP are independent of HKII expression. PMID: 26740252
  38. Suggest HK2 as an independent prognostic indicator of radiation resistance in cervical squamous carcinoma. PMID: 26097593
  39. High exokinase 2 expression is associated with neuroblastoma metastasis. PMID: 26986252
  40. The degree of plaque disruption and expression of TF and HK-II appear to be important vascular factors for AMI onset, and polarized macrophages make a distinct contribution to thrombogenicity and glucose metabolism. PMID: 26346032
  41. The overexpression of Hk2 (and Pkm2) sustains high levels of glycolysis during embryonic stem cell differentiation. PMID: 26059508
  42. In the present study it was determined whether three key enzymes for glycolysis, glutaminolysis and de novo synthesis of FAs, hexokinase-2, glutaminase and fatty acid synthase PMID: 26134042
  43. In conclusion, our findings suggested that miR-4458 inhibited the progression of colon cancer cells by inhibition of glycolysis and lactate production via directly targeting HK2 mRNA. PMID: 26607110
  44. Hexokinase 2 controls cellular stress response through localization of hnRNP A1. PMID: 26247723
  45. Insulin resistance in obese boys leads to up-regulation of INSIG2 gene expression as well as to down-regulation of PFKFB1, PFKFB3, and HK2 genes in the blood cells as compared to obese patients with normal insulin sensitivity. PMID: 26827442
  46. HK2 was identified as a chaperone-mediated autophagy substrate. PMID: 26323688
  47. study reveals a novel relationship between PI3K/Akt signaling and aerobic glycolysis and indicates that PI3K/Akt/HK2 might be potential therapeutic approaches for OS PMID: 26116768
  48. HK2 regulated the protein level and T14 phosphorylation of CDK2, and knockdown of HK2 resulted in a G1 phase cell cycle arrest. PMID: 24780297
  49. High HK-II expression was correlated with esophageal adenocarcinoma compared with squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 24939624
  50. Suggest that upregulation of HKII occurs during the process of hepatocarcinogenesis in humans. PMID: 25381201

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Subcellular Location
Mitochondrion outer membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Cytoplasm, cytosol.
Protein Families
Hexokinase family
Tissue Specificity
Predominant hexokinase isozyme expressed in insulin-responsive tissues such as skeletal muscle.
Database Links

HGNC: 4923

OMIM: 601125

KEGG: hsa:3099

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000290573

UniGene: Hs.406266

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