Recombinant Human Carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2)

1. CAII, CAIX, and CAXII all have characteristic expression patterns in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), its precursors and normal squamous epithelium. In EAC, CAII downregulation is associated with metastatic disease. CAIX expression is lost towards the more malignant lesions, but in lymph node positive disease, expression seems to be higher. CAXII is only expressed in normal esophageal epithelium. PMID: 30066203
2. present results suggest that CA2 serves as a suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and is correlated with favorable overall survival (OS) in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. PMID: 29309535
3. The LC/MS analysis of platelet proteome between groups revealed that out of all identified proteins, the only discriminatory protein, affecting aspirin responsiveness, is platelet carbonic anhydrase II (CA II). PMID: 29090039
4. Study presented a detailed analysis of how protein dynamics (specifically the motions of nonreactive residues in the active site and coupled solvent dynamics) influence the rate limiting proton transfer/transport event in HCA II. PMID: 27063577
5. This study provides the first evidence that extra-platelet nitrite and erythrocytic CAII may modulate platelet function in a cGMP-dependent manner. PMID: 27129464
6. CA II and CA XII, but not CA VII or CA IX, could be useful in predicting survival in colorectal carcinomas PMID: 27688658
7. compute the hydration free energy of Zn(2+), the characteristics of hCAII-Zn(2+) complexation, and the absolute free energy of binding acetazolamide to the hCAII-Zn(2+) co PMID: 27232456
8. This article presents different classes of structures of the mutant His-107-Tyr of human CA-II by harvesting molecular dynamics trajectories at low and high temperatures. Identified are putative unfolding intermediates of the mutant His-107-tyr of human carbonic anhydrase II in a multidimensional property space. PMID: 26756542
9. The levels of expression of carbonic anhydrase 2, catalase, and PRDX2 in the nipple discharge were significantly increased in breast ductal carcinoma patients as compared to controls. PMID: 26970563
10. This study suggests that the expression of CA II acts as independent prognostic biomarker for survival in pseudomyxoma peritonei PMID: 28233447
11. Changes in membrane composition may affect the erythrocyte membranes' capacity to increase in vitro hCA II activity PMID: 26698855
12. identified 2 novel mutations in 2 Chinese families with CAII deficiency syndrome; a nonsense mutation in exon 4 in both families; a splice mutation at the splice donor site of intron 3 in 1 family; the splice-site mutation causes exon 3 skipping in patient's mRNA resulting in an in-frame deletion and a novel premature stop codon PMID: 25720518
13. binding of dorzolamide to bovine and human carbonic anhydrase II PMID: 26093313
14. Using paramagnetic NMR techniques and X-ray absorption spectroscopy we identified an N-terminal Cu(2+) binding site in carbonic anhydrase II. PMID: 26010488
15. CAII increases water conductance through AQP1 by a physical interaction between the two proteins. PMID: 25609088
16. carbonic anhydrase catalytic cycle for natural and promiscuous substrates PMID: 25849760
17. Suggest an association between CAII and NHE3 that alters the transporter's activity in kidney cell line. PMID: 26041446
18. The down-regulation of CA II expression was observed in gastric cancer and may serve as an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival of gastric cancer patients. PMID: 25400751
19. Binding of cyanate to CA II is directly to the zinc, displacing the zinc-bound solvent molecule, and not in a site that overlaps with the CO2 substrate-binding site. PMID: 25286933
20. Carbonic anhydrase II may play a critical role in neuroendocrine tumor lung tumor growth PMID: 25019941
21. the pHi of cells with low CAi activity was less responsive to pCO2 fluctuations. Such low pass filtering would "buffer" cancer cell pHi from non-steady-state extracellular pCO2. Thus PMID: 25059669
22. Our study suggests that the exposed hydrophobic surface and/or the disruption of the structural features protecting a beta-sheet protein might be the major reason(s) for the high aggregation propensity of non-native intermediate conformation of HCAII. PMID: 24813993
23. sclerostin upregulated osteocyte expression of carbonic anhydrase 2. PMID: 23737439
24. Expression of carbonic anhydrase II in SaOS-2 cells after incubation with bicarbonate increased. PMID: 23953824
25. these data suggest that CA II may be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer and the results may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer treatment. PMID: 23727877
26. Carbonic anhydrase II and Ki-67 are significant prognostic factors for gastrointestinal stromal tumors. PMID: 23674848
27. role of aromatic cluster in stability and function PMID: 24036123
28. An interactive human carbonic anhydrase-II (hCA-II) receptor--pharmacophore molecular model & anti-convulsant activity of the designed and synthesized 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol conjugated imine derivatives. PMID: 23360090
29. Molecular modeling of the structure and possible proton transfer pathways from the surface of the protein to the zinc-bound water molecule in the active site of the mutant His-107-Tyr of human carbonic anhydrase, is presented. PMID: 22878862
30. The rate constants for transfer of a proton from His64 to the zinc-bound hydroxide during catalysis were 4 and 9 mus(-1) for Y7F and Y7F/N67Q, respectively, compared with a value of 0.8 mus(-1) for wild-type CAII. PMID: 23215152
31. reconstitution of the zinc active site of human CA II PMID: 23030313
32. data suggest that the Ile substitution at position 143 reduced the catalytic efficiency, likely due to steric crowding resulting in destabilization of the transition state for conversion of CO(2) into bicarbonate and a decreased product dissociation rate. PMID: 23098192
33. A significant correlation was found between positive carbonic anhydrase II staining and oral squamous cell carcinoma for more advanced clinical stage and larger tumor size, but not for positive lymph node metastasis, distal metastasis, and recurrence. PMID: 22416960
34. pKa shifts of zinc-bound water due to mutations of CA II active site support conclusion that changes in conformation and electronic polarization of mutated active sites account for altered deprotonation behavior of zinc-bound water. PMID: 22732064
35. study reports the catalytic properties of three hCA II mutants (Asn67Ile, Gln92Val and Leu204Ser) and the inhibition of these enzymes; small perturbations within the active site architecture have influences on the catalytic efficiency but dramatically change affinity for inhibitors among the CA enzymes PMID: 22386980
36. Studies indicate that cytosolic isoform carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) was very weakly inhibited by the aliphatic, C1-C5 carboxylates as well as by branched aliphatic ones. PMID: 22192857
37. The apparent values of the pK(a) of the zinc-bound water and the proton shuttle residue suggest that different active-site conformations influence the two stages of catalysis, the proton transfer stage and the interconversion of CO(2) and bicarbonate. PMID: 22001224
38. Detailed analysis and comparison to the previously determined structure of CAII at pH 10.0 show important differences in protonation of key catalytic residues in the active site as well as a rearrangement of the hydrogen-bonded water network. PMID: 21988105
39. The expression of CA2 is significantly increased in the spermatozoa of asthenozoospermic men, which might be responsible for low sperm motility. PMID: 21243755
40. data suggest that extracellular membrane-bound CAIV, but not cytosolic CAII, augments transport activity of MCT2 in a non-catalytic manner, possibly by facilitating a proton pathway other than His-88 PMID: 21680735
41. Data suggest that association of functional CAII with AE1 increases Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity, consistent with the HCO(3)(-) transport metabolon model. PMID: 21543742
42. The H(+) shuttle in CAII not only facilitates CAII catalytic activity but also can enhance activity of acid-/base-transporting proteins such as MCT1/4 in a direct, noncatalytic manner, possibly by acting as an "H(+)-collecting antenna." PMID: 21282642
43. The side chain of Tyr7 in CA II extends into the active-site cavity about 7 A from the catalytic zinc atom. Replacement of Tyr7 with eight other amino acids had no effect on the interconversion of bicarbonate and CO2. PMID: 21145876
44. plasma level of CAII was significantly increased in Alzheimer disease patients, providing further evidence that changes in CAII level may play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. PMID: 20634585
45. The visible absorption of crystals of Co(II)-substituted carbonic anhydrase II were measured over a pH range of 6.0-11.0 giving an estimate of pK(a) 8.4 for the ionization of the metal-bound water in the crystal. PMID: 20637176
46. structure of Car2 has been redetermined, with the coordinates of both pseudo-symmetrically related molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit translated by x' = x +/- 1/4, and no rotational disorder is observed PMID: 20693695
47. our results imply that CA2 and CA12 are highly over-expressed in advanced atherosclerosis by osteoclast-like cells of monocytic origin PMID: 20509747
48. the active site of HCA II is extended to include residues that, at first glance, appear to be too far from the zinc to exert any catalytic effects PMID: 20578724
49. Report carbonic anydrase II expression in medulloblastomas and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumours. PMID: 20398423
50. CA II is overexpressed in most gastrointestinal stromal tumors, is quite selective to this tumor type among mesenchymal tumors, and therefore might be a useful biomarker in diagnostics PMID: 20081808

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HGNC: 1373

OMIM: 259730

KEGG: hsa:760

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000285379

UniGene: Hs.155097