Recombinant Human Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2)

Unavailable
Code CSB-CF840573HUc7
MSDS
Size $1620
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  • (Tris-Glycine gel) Discontinuous SDS-PAGE (reduced) with 5% enrichment gel and 15% separation gel.
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Product Details

Purity
Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Activity
Not Test
Target Names
Uniprot No.
Research Area
Cardiovascular
Alternative Names
G-protein coupled receptor 109A;G-protein coupled receptor HM74A;Niacin receptor 1;Nicotinic acid receptor
Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Source
in vitro E.coli expression system
Expression Region
1-363aa
Target Protein Sequence
MNRHHLQDHFLEIDKKNCCVFRDDFIVKVLPPVLGLEFIFGLLGNGLALWIFCFHLKSWKSSRIFLFNLAVADFLLIICLPFLMDNYVRRWDWKFGDIPCRLMLFMLAMNRQGSIIFLTVVAVDRYFRVVHPHHALNKISNRTAAIISCLLWGITIGLTVHLLKKKMPIQNGGANLCSSFSICHTFQWHEAMFLLEFFLPLGIILFCSARIIWSLRQRQMDRHAKIKRAITFIMVVAIVFVICFLPSVVVRIRIFWLLHTSGTQNCEVYRSVDLAFFITLSFTYMNSMLDPVVYYFSSPSFPNFFSTLINRCLQRKMTGEPDNNRSTSVELTGDPNKTRGAPEALMANSGEPWSPSYLGPTSP
Note: The complete sequence may include tag sequence, target protein sequence, linker sequence and extra sequence that is translated with the protein sequence for the purpose(s) of secretion, stability, solubility, etc.
If the exact amino acid sequence of this recombinant protein is critical to your application, please explicitly request the full and complete sequence of this protein before ordering.
Mol. Weight
42.7 kDa
Protein Length
Full Length
Tag Info
C-terminal 6xHis-tagged
Form
Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Note: We will preferentially ship the format that we have in stock, however, if you have any special requirement for the format, please remark your requirement when placing the order, we will prepare according to your demand.
Buffer
If the delivery form is liquid, the default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol.If the delivery form is lyophilized powder, the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose.
Reconstitution
We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.
Troubleshooting and FAQs
Storage Condition
Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Shelf Life
The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Lead Time
Delivery time may differ from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
Notes
Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.
Datasheet & COA
Please contact us to get it.

Customer Reviews and Q&A

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Target Background

Function
Acts as a high affinity receptor for both nicotinic acid (also known as niacin) and (D)-beta-hydroxybutyrate and mediates increased adiponectin secretion and decreased lipolysis through G(i)-protein-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. This pharmacological effect requires nicotinic acid doses that are much higher than those provided by a normal diet. Mediates nicotinic acid-induced apoptosis in mature neutrophils. Receptor activation by nicotinic acid results in reduced cAMP levels which may affect activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and phosphorylation of target proteins, leading to neutrophil apoptosis. The rank order of potency for the displacement of nicotinic acid binding is 5-methyl pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid = pyridine-3-acetic acid > acifran > 5-methyl nicotinic acid = acipimox >> nicotinuric acid = nicotinamide.
Gene References into Functions
  1. GPR109A may inhibit inflammatory cytokine production, induced by palmitic acid, by MIN6 cells possibly via inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. PMID: 29263047
  2. These results demonstrate that GPR109A is functionally expressed in both human and murine islet beta-cells. PMID: 27570060
  3. new insights into the G protein coupling profiles of the HCA receptors and the function of the receptor's C terminus PMID: 26656756
  4. These results suggest that the PKC pathway and PDGFR/EGFR transactivation pathway play important roles in HCA2-mediated Akt activation. PMID: 25375133
  5. Results suggest that the atypical motif asparaging-cysteine-systeine Asn(17)-Cys(18)-Cys(19) is crucial for the normal surface trafficking and function of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 protein hGPR109A. PMID: 25690651
  6. niacin, at a relatively low concentration, preserves the ability of HMVEC to form tubes under conditions of saturated fatty acid excess, and may elicit this effect through activation of GPR109A PMID: 25463108
  7. GPR109A expression is upregulated in blood and substantia nigra in Parkinson disease patients. PMID: 25329911
  8. The results of this study suggested that GPR109A signaling is associated with T2DM, playing a role in regulation of the inflammatory cytokines. PMID: 25361930
  9. the promiscuous activity exerted by niacin via both GPR109A and GPER may open new avenues towards a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in its biological action exerted in different pathophysiological conditions, including malignant diseases. PMID: 24662263
  10. Although its functional role is still unknown, HCA2 may be potentially involved in the pathogenesis of various retinopathies and may offer a new therapeutic target. PMID: 24215154
  11. GPR109A is a tumor suppressor in mammary gland. PMID: 24371223
  12. These studies provide key insights into mechanisms by which GPR109A may influence cholesterol efflux in macrophages. PMID: 23770183
  13. despite NA's anti-inflammatory effect on human macrophages, it has no effect on foam cells in reverse cholesterol transport; due to GPR109A down-regulation PMID: 23658787
  14. Review of the role of GPR109A and its downstream effects in the context of atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation, along with insights into strategy for future drug development. [Review Article] PMID: 23526298
  15. A sequence from residues 329 to 343 in the C-terminal tail of HCA plays a crucial role in keeping HCA in an inactive conformation. PMID: 22962331
  16. Nicotnic acid displays a range of effects that are lipoprotein-independent and potentially antiatherogenic. These effects are mediated by GPR109A. PMID: 22267479
  17. upon binding to niacin GPR109A receptors initially activate G(i), leading to dissociation of the Gbetagamma subunit from activated G(i), and subsequently induce ERK1/2 activation via two distinct pathways. PMID: 21768093
  18. In contrast, in a squamous cell carcinoma derived cell line, both GPR109A and GPR109B show a more diffuse cellular localization and the receptors are nearly non-functional. PMID: 21655214
  19. niacin-mediated activation of GP109A in liver lowers ABCA1 expression leading to reduced hepatic cholesterol efflux to high density lipoprotein. PMID: 20655299
  20. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) PMID: 19913121
  21. Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator) PMID: 20628086
  22. The agonist-induced internalization of GPR109A receptors is regulated by GRK2 and arrestin3 in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner and that internalized receptor recycling is independent of endosomal acidification. PMID: 20460384
  23. these results demonstrate that GPR109A and GPR109B dimerization is a constitutive process occurring early during biosynthesis. PMID: 20380810
  24. Data show that Mk-6892 was discovered as full and potent niacin receptor (GPR109A) agonist. PMID: 20184326
  25. HM74b has high similarity to HM74 is a receptor for nicotinic acid [HM74b] PMID: 12646212
  26. Our results provided direct evidence indicating that HM74A, but not HM74, was sufficient to mediate anti-lipolytic effect of niacin in adipose tissue. PMID: 16018973
  27. However, the synergistic effects of HM74A were not dramatically affected by co-treatment with both inhibitors, indicating the cross-talk occurred at the receptor level. PMID: 16674924
  28. neutrophils express functional GPR109A receptors,which might be involved in the regulation of neutrophil numbers PMID: 17932499
  29. Data show that the high-affinity niacin receptor HM74A is significantly down-regulated in the anterior cingulate cortex of individuals with schizophrenia. PMID: 18639743
  30. Data show that many phenolic acids, including those from the hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid classes, can bind and activate GPR109A (HM74a/PUMA-G), the receptor for the antidyslipidemic agent nicotinic acid. PMID: 19136666
  31. GPR109A receptor plays an important role in the dual regulation of adiponectin secretion and lipolysis PMID: 19141678
  32. Data show that the coordinated PPARgamma-mediated regulation of the GPR81, GPR109A and GPR109B presents a novel mechanism by which TZDs may reduce circulating free fatty acid levels and perhaps ameliorate insulin resistance in obese patients. PMID: 19633298
  33. Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-gene interaction. (HuGE Navigator) PMID: 19502010
  34. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) PMID: 18787507

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Subcellular Location
Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Protein Families
G-protein coupled receptor 1 family
Tissue Specificity
Expression largely restricted to adipose tissue and spleen. Expressed on mature neutrophils but not on immature neutrophils or eosinophils.
Database Links

HGNC: 24827

OMIM: 609163

KEGG: hsa:338442

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000375066

UniGene: Hs.524812

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