Recombinant Human Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2)

1. GPR109A may inhibit inflammatory cytokine production, induced by palmitic acid, by MIN6 cells possibly via inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. PMID: 29263047
2. These results demonstrate that GPR109A is functionally expressed in both human and murine islet beta-cells. PMID: 27570060
3. new insights into the G protein coupling profiles of the HCA receptors and the function of the receptor's C terminus PMID: 26656756
4. These results suggest that the PKC pathway and PDGFR/EGFR transactivation pathway play important roles in HCA2-mediated Akt activation. PMID: 25375133
5. Results suggest that the atypical motif asparaging-cysteine-systeine Asn(17)-Cys(18)-Cys(19) is crucial for the normal surface trafficking and function of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 protein hGPR109A. PMID: 25690651
6. niacin, at a relatively low concentration, preserves the ability of HMVEC to form tubes under conditions of saturated fatty acid excess, and may elicit this effect through activation of GPR109A PMID: 25463108
7. GPR109A expression is upregulated in blood and substantia nigra in Parkinson disease patients. PMID: 25329911
8. The results of this study suggested that GPR109A signaling is associated with T2DM, playing a role in regulation of the inflammatory cytokines. PMID: 25361930
9. the promiscuous activity exerted by niacin via both GPR109A and GPER may open new avenues towards a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in its biological action exerted in different pathophysiological conditions, including malignant diseases. PMID: 24662263
10. Although its functional role is still unknown, HCA2 may be potentially involved in the pathogenesis of various retinopathies and may offer a new therapeutic target. PMID: 24215154
11. GPR109A is a tumor suppressor in mammary gland. PMID: 24371223
12. These studies provide key insights into mechanisms by which GPR109A may influence cholesterol efflux in macrophages. PMID: 23770183
13. despite NA's anti-inflammatory effect on human macrophages, it has no effect on foam cells in reverse cholesterol transport; due to GPR109A down-regulation PMID: 23658787
14. Review of the role of GPR109A and its downstream effects in the context of atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation, along with insights into strategy for future drug development. [Review Article] PMID: 23526298
15. A sequence from residues 329 to 343 in the C-terminal tail of HCA plays a crucial role in keeping HCA in an inactive conformation. PMID: 22962331
16. Nicotnic acid displays a range of effects that are lipoprotein-independent and potentially antiatherogenic. These effects are mediated by GPR109A. PMID: 22267479
17. upon binding to niacin GPR109A receptors initially activate G(i), leading to dissociation of the Gbetagamma subunit from activated G(i), and subsequently induce ERK1/2 activation via two distinct pathways. PMID: 21768093
18. In contrast, in a squamous cell carcinoma derived cell line, both GPR109A and GPR109B show a more diffuse cellular localization and the receptors are nearly non-functional. PMID: 21655214
19. niacin-mediated activation of GP109A in liver lowers ABCA1 expression leading to reduced hepatic cholesterol efflux to high density lipoprotein. PMID: 20655299
20. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) PMID: 19913121
21. Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator) PMID: 20628086
22. The agonist-induced internalization of GPR109A receptors is regulated by GRK2 and arrestin3 in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner and that internalized receptor recycling is independent of endosomal acidification. PMID: 20460384
23. these results demonstrate that GPR109A and GPR109B dimerization is a constitutive process occurring early during biosynthesis. PMID: 20380810
24. Data show that Mk-6892 was discovered as full and potent niacin receptor (GPR109A) agonist. PMID: 20184326
25. HM74b has high similarity to HM74 is a receptor for nicotinic acid [HM74b] PMID: 12646212
26. Our results provided direct evidence indicating that HM74A, but not HM74, was sufficient to mediate anti-lipolytic effect of niacin in adipose tissue. PMID: 16018973
27. However, the synergistic effects of HM74A were not dramatically affected by co-treatment with both inhibitors, indicating the cross-talk occurred at the receptor level. PMID: 16674924
28. neutrophils express functional GPR109A receptors,which might be involved in the regulation of neutrophil numbers PMID: 17932499
29. Data show that the high-affinity niacin receptor HM74A is significantly down-regulated in the anterior cingulate cortex of individuals with schizophrenia. PMID: 18639743
30. Data show that many phenolic acids, including those from the hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid classes, can bind and activate GPR109A (HM74a/PUMA-G), the receptor for the antidyslipidemic agent nicotinic acid. PMID: 19136666
31. GPR109A receptor plays an important role in the dual regulation of adiponectin secretion and lipolysis PMID: 19141678
32. Data show that the coordinated PPARgamma-mediated regulation of the GPR81, GPR109A and GPR109B presents a novel mechanism by which TZDs may reduce circulating free fatty acid levels and perhaps ameliorate insulin resistance in obese patients. PMID: 19633298
33. Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-gene interaction. (HuGE Navigator) PMID: 19502010
34. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) PMID: 18787507

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HGNC: 24827

OMIM: 609163

KEGG: hsa:338442

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000375066

UniGene: Hs.524812