Recombinant Human Interleukin-34 (IL34)

1. Study found that high IL-34 levels in synovial fluid were significantly associated with the radiographic and symptomatic severity of knee osteoarthritis. PMID: 30159102
2. Data showed that single expression of M-CSF or IL-34 can be observed in lung cancer tissues and correlated with poor survival. Additionally, their high co-expression correlates with disease stages and poor survival. Thus, evaluating the expression of both M-CSF and IL-34 may help to estimate disease progression and malignant degree in lung cancer patients. PMID: 29323162
3. this study shows that IL-34 regulates IL-6 and IL-8 production in human lung fibroblasts via MAPK, PI3K-Akt, JAK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways PMID: 29857241
4. Study indicates that IL-34 can be an indicator of liver inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. PMID: 29599606
5. In conclusion, elevated serum IL-34 levels were demonstrated to be independently associated with renal insufficiency and coronary artery disease in patients with chronic heart failure, regardless of the systolic function. PMID: 27982136
6. Data indicate that the interleukin 34 (IL-34) is a feasible diagnostic marker of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. PMID: 27363523
7. Findings uncover a novel function for IKKbeta/mHTTx1 interactions in regulating IL-34 production, and implicate a role for IL-34 in non-cell-autonomous, microglial-dependent neurodegeneration in HD. PMID: 28973132
8. The IL-34/STAT3/miR-21 pathway is crucial for the survival of synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis PMID: 27084907
9. Data show that both serum interleukin-34 (IL-34) and IL-34 mRNA in mononuclear leukocytes (PBMCs) in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients was significantly decreased compared to the healthy controls. PMID: 28614380
10. pathogenic role for IL34 in mediating immunosuppression and chemoresistance and identify it as a tractable target for anticancer therapy. PMID: 27550451
11. The current study aimed to assess the IL-34 expression in response to two members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family, TGF-beta1 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, in synovial fibroblasts from rheumatoid arthritis patients. PMID: 27865758
12. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis has shown that IL-34 has more discriminatory power than C-reactive protein (CRP) for the risk of diabetic complications. The cut-off value for IL-34 was established as 91.2 pg/mL. The gist of our research was identification of IL-34 as an additional potential inflammatory biomarker for the prediction of the risk of vascular diabetic complications. PMID: 26849008
13. miR-28-5p-IL-34-macrophage feedback loop modulates hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis PMID: 26754294
14. findings demonstrated that M-CSF binds to IL-34; molecular docking studies predicted the formation of a heteromeric M-CSF/IL-34 cytokine PMID: 26095744
15. These results suggest that IL-34, a novel osteoclastogenic cytokine, plays a role in rheumatoid arthritis-associated joint damage and is a potential biomarker for predicting subsequent radiographic progression in patients with RA. PMID: 25027626
16. IL-34 is expressed by human FOXP3+CD45RCloCD8+ and CD4+ Tregs and markedly inhibited alloreactive immune responses. PMID: 26389674
17. This paper provides evidence of alternative binding of IL-34 to chondroitin sulphates and syndecan-1 at the cell surface that modulates M-CSFR activation. PMID: 25662098
18. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that IL-34 expression is regulated by TNF-a and IL-1b and that its overexpression is associated with an increase in osteosarcoma growth and metastasis. PMID: 25471534
19. the expression pattern of IL-34 in ileum and colon and suggest IL-34 as a new modulator of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease PMID: 25896238
20. IL-34 is up-regulated in inflammatory bowel disease and suggest a role for this cytokine in sustaining the inflammatory responses in this disease PMID: 25800277
21. IL-34 is induced by IL-22 in the inflammatory cascade in response to IAV infection. PMID: 25415279
22. IL-34 expression in human gingival fibroblasts, stimulated by TNF-alpha and IL-1beta PMID: 24339952
23. potent profibrotic factor in hepatitis C virus liver fibrosis PMID: 25066464
24. IL-34 is associated with insulin resistance. PMID: 24712570
25. IL-34 promotes the development, survival, and function of microglia and Langerhans cells; therefore, this cytokine may predominately function in brain and skin biology.[review] PMID: 24737461
26. Circulating IL-34 levels in rheumatoid arthritis correlated with autoantibody production. PMID: 23996288
27. This study is the first to illustrate downstream transcriptional profiles and pathways of IL-34 in comparison with CSF-1 and identify notable differences in CCR2 expression. PMID: 23684409
28. These findings suggest that IL-34 may play a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 23421370
29. Data suggest that CSF-1R-independent actions of IL-34 via receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase zeta (PTP-zeta) might be considered in evaluating IL-34 roles in development and disease. PMID: 23744080
30. the feline CSF-1R was cloned and the responsiveness to CSF-1 and IL-34 from a range of species, was examined. PMID: 23260168
31. IL-34 levels were significantly increased in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and positively correlated with hs-CRP levels, suggesting that IL-34 may be an independent predictor of CAD. PMID: 23206468
32. IL-34 as a nonredundant cytokine for the development of Langerhans cells during embryogenesis as well as for their homeostasis in the adult skin. PMID: 23177320
33. Data suggest a discrete role of IL-34 in inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diseases. PMID: 22264405
34. study identifies IL-34 expression in the synovial tissue of patients with arthritis; this cytokine, as a downstream effector of TNFalpha and IL-1beta, may contribute to inflammation and bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis PMID: 22039170
35. The different spatiotemporal expression of IL-34 and CSF-1 allows for complementary activation of the CSF-1R in developing and adult tissues. PMID: 20504948
36. Discovered IL-34 and its receptor CSF1 by functional screening of the extracellular proteome. PMID: 18467591

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HGNC: 28529

OMIM: 612081

KEGG: hsa:146433

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000288098

UniGene: Hs.461214