TMEM173 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

1. We present physiological evidence that UBXN3B positively regulates stimulator-of-interferon genes (STING) signaling. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that UBXN3B interacts with both STING and its E3 ligase TRIM56, and facilitates STING ubiquitination, dimerization, trafficking, and consequent recruitment and phosphorylation of TBK1. PMID: 29899553
2. STAG2 deficiency induces interferon responses via cGAS-STING pathway and restricts virus infection. PMID: 29662124
3. STING-IRF3 pathway promotes hepatocyte injury and dysfunction by inducing inflammation and apoptosis and by disturbing glucose and lipid metabolism. PMID: 29106945
4. Data show that both cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and interferon-gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16) are required for the activation of membrane protein STING (STING) and an innate immune response to exogenous DNA and DNA viruses. PMID: 28194029
5. PUMA promotes the cytosolic release of mitochondrial DNA and activation of the DNA sensors DAI/Zbp1 and STING, leading to enhanced RIP3 and MLKL phosphorylation in a positive feedback loop. PMID: 29581256
6. identified nitro-fatty acids as endogenously formed inhibitors of STING signaling and propose for these lipids to be considered in the treatment of STING-dependent inflammatory diseases. PMID: 30061387
7. Cells of human individuals carrying HAQ TMEM173, which encodes a common hypomorphic variant of STING, were largely or partly defective in inducing type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines upon infection. PMID: 29263110
8. Our studies indicate that the (extracellular vesicles) EVs released by HSV-1-infected cells carry innate immune components such as STING and other host and viral factors; they can activate innate immune responses in recipient cells and inhibit HSV-1 replication. The implication of these data is that the EVs released by HSV-1-infected cells could control HSV-1 dissemination promoting its persistence in the host. PMID: 29976662
9. data demonstrate that numerous RNA viruses evade cGAS/STING-dependent signaling and affirm the importance of this pathway in shaping the host range of ZIKV. PMID: 29915078
10. Immune activation of STING requires palmitoylation at the Golgi. PMID: 27324217
11. In the Title. PMID: 27554814
12. This study demonstrated that HSV-1 tegument protein VP22 counteracts the cGAS/STING-mediated DNA-sensing antiviral innate immunity signaling pathway by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of cGAS. PMID: 29793952
13. an electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) attach to the GAS motif on the human STING promoter region. This indicates that IFN-gamma/Janus kinases/STAT1 signaling is essential for the STING upregulation in human keratinocytes. PMID: 29143896
14. The cGAS-STING cascade contributes to antibacterial defense against L. pneumophila in mice and men, and provides important insight into how the common HAQ TMEM173/STING variant affects antimicrobial immune responses and susceptibility to infection. PMID: 29298342
15. pharmacological activation of STING in macrophages and hepatocytes induces host innate responses that can efficiently control hepatitis B virus replication. Hence, despite not playing a significant role in host innate immune response to HBV infection of hepatocytes, STING is potentially a valuable target for immunotherapy of chronic hepatitis B. PMID: 28717041
16. summarize recent findings that have pointed towards the STING pathway as an innate immune sensing mechanism driving type I interferon production in the tumor context PMID: 28639100
17. this review summarizes important features of the STING activation pathway and recent highlights about the role of STING in bacterial infections by Chlamydia, Listeria, Francisella, Brucella, Shigella, Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Neisseria genera, with a special focus on mycobacteria. PMID: 28625530
18. STING serves to detect - and promote immune defense against - DNA viruses and intracellular bacteria, as described in its initial discovery. The role of STING has since been expanded to include tumor surveillance and immune responses to cancer; indeed, defective STING responses are associated with certain cancers. PMID: 28724326
19. C11 depends on signaling through STING to produce antiviral type I interferon, which further supports its potential as a therapeutic drug or research tool. PMID: 29263267
20. This study demonstrates that the HCMV tegument protein pp65 inhibits IFN-beta production by binding and inactivating cGAS early during infection. In addition, this inhibitory activity specifically targets cGAS, since it can be bypassed via the addition of exogenous cGAMP, even in the presence of pp65. Notably, STING proteasome-mediated degradation was observed in both the presence and absence of pp65. PMID: 29263269
21. The DNA binding domain of Ku70 was essential for formation of the Ku70-STING complex. Knocking down STING in primary human macrophages inhibited their ability to produce IFN-lambda1 in response to transfection with DNA or infection with the DNA virus HSV-2 (herpes simplex virus-2); STING mediates the Ku70-mediated IFN-lambda1 innate immune response to exogenous DNA or DNA virus infection. PMID: 28720717
22. Data show that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV; human betaherpesvirus 5) glycoprotein US9 inhibits the IFN-beta response by targeting the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated signaling pathways. PMID: 29317664
23. In the current study, we studied the role of MITA (Mediator of IRF3 Activation), a regulator of innate immunity, in the regulation of autophagy and its implication in cell death of breast cancer cells. Here, we report that MITA inhibits the fusion of autophagosome with lysosome as evident from different autophagy flux assays PMID: 28366813
24. these studies demonstrate that transcription factors CREB and c-Myc maintain the transcriptional activity of STING PMID: 27835584
25. TheTREX1 and STING, which are opposing regulators of the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway. PMID: 28475463
26. STING-regulated pathways underlie the pathogenesis of many diseases including infectious diseases and cancers. It has also become evident from these studies that STING is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. PMID: 26980676
27. using a murine HNSCC model that does not express STING, we demonstrate that STING ligands are an effective therapy regardless of expression of STING by the cancer cells PMID: 29135982
28. Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 Tax protein impairs K63-linked ubiquitination of STING and disrupted the interactions between STING and TBK1 to evade host innate immunity. PMID: 28119118
29. STING activated an antiviral/type I interferon response with live but not killed S. aureus. PMID: 28704551
30. study identifies the AIM2 inflammasome and cGAS/IFI16-STING-type I IFN pathway as a novel mechanism for host innate immunity to the ALVAC vaccine vector. PMID: 28947539
31. NEMO was critically involved in the cGAS-STING pathway. PMID: 28939760
32. Studied association of genetic variants of the MAVS, MITA and MFN2 genes with leprosy in Han Chinese from Southwest China; found no association between the variants and susceptibility to leprosy. PMID: 27553710
33. both IL-6 and RIG-I are downstream molecules of STING along the DNA sensor pathway. PMID: 28806404
34. our data provide an important insight into STING-mediated induction of type I and III IFNs and subsequent antiviral signaling pathways that regulate VZV replication in human dermal cells. PMID: 28647346
35. STING, a critical innate sensor, also functions intrinsically in cells of the adaptive immune system to inhibit proliferation. PMID: 28484079
36. We discuss three newly described monogenic autoinflammatory diseases [deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2), a subtype of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI)], discuss the possibilities of somatic mosaicism and digenic inheritance, and give an update on new concepts in pathways involved in familial Mediterranean fever PMID: 27362340
37. Human Cytomegalovirus tegument protein UL82 negatively regulates STING-mediated signaling. PMID: 28132838
38. Structural analysis indicates that the 3 disease-associated mutations at positions 206, 281, and 284 of the STING protein define a novel cluster of amino acids with functional importance in the regulation of type I interferon signaling PMID: 28087229
39. a critical role of p38-mediated USP21 phosphorylation in regulating STING-mediated antiviral functions and identifies p38-USP21 axis as an important pathway that DNA virus adopts to avoid innate immunity responses. PMID: 28254948
40. We conclude that the R71H-G230A-R293Q (HAQ) of TMEM173 is a null TMEM173 allele. PMID: 27927967
41. The authors found that the herpes simplex virus 1 UL46 protein interacts with and colocalizes with STING. PMID: 28592536
42. Essential roles of the cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway. [review] PMID: 27706894
43. These results suggest that pDCs sense cytosolic DNA and cyclic dinucleotides via the cGAS-STING pathway and that targeting this pathway could be of therapeutic interest. PMID: 27125983
44. Human herpesvirus 1 ICP27 interacted with TBK1 and STING in a manner that was dependent on TBK1 activity and the RGG motif in ICP27 and inhibited type I IFN induction through the cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway in human macrophages. PMID: 27234299
45. Multivariate analysis supported TMEM173 as an independent prognostic factor. PMID: 27814372
46. The mitochondrial damage-cGAS-STING-IRF3 pathway is critically involved in metabolic stress-induced endothelial inflammation. PMID: 28302626
47. These data uncover a promycobacterial role for STING-dependent OASL production during Mycobacterium leprae infection that directs the host immune response toward a niche that permits survival of the pathogen. PMID: 27190175
48. A heterozygous gain-of-function mutation in STING can cause familial chilblain lupus. PMID: 27566796
49. cGAs recognizes bacterial/viral DNA, and is a strong activator of STING that can further activate IRF3 and subsequent type I interferon production. (Review) PMID: 27696330
50. In the present study, the authors found that herpes simplex virus 1 tegument protein UL41 was involved in counteracting the cGAS/STING-mediated DNA-sensing pathway. PMID: 28077645

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HGNC: 27962

OMIM: 612374

KEGG: hsa:340061

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000331288

UniGene: Hs.379754