Recombinant Mouse Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (Bak1)

1. It was shown that double knockout of Bax and Bak from proximal tubules attenuated renal tubular cell apoptosis and suppressed renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO. PMID: 28317867
2. Study reports the proximal alpha1-alpha2 loop as a second activation site in Bak and in mitochondrial Bax. PMID: 27217060
3. Here the authors show that mouse embryonic fibroblasts deficient in Bax/Bak1 are resistant to the third major form of cell death associated with autophagy through a mechanism involving lysosome permeability. PMID: 29148970
4. BH3-only proteins bind inactive full-length BAK at mitochondria and then dissociate following exposure of the BAK BH3 and BH4 domains before BAK homodimerization PMID: 28673969
5. Resultdetermined the mouse Bak BH3-in-groove homodimers (BGH) structure, which allowed more accurate modeling within and between the BGHs. The BGHs were shown to oligomerize via the 'alpha 3/alpha 5 interface' in mitochondria. These findings suggest for a probable assembly of the Bak homodimers in the mitochondrial apoptotic pore. PMID: 27488021
6. We propose that the GC-induced mitochondrial accumulation of Bax and the interaction between the GR and Bim, Bcl-xL and Bak could play a role in the regulation of thymocyte apoptosis. PMID: 27888447
7. Conversion of Bim-BH3 from Activator to Inhibitor of Bak through Structure-Based Design. PMID: 29149594
8. Postnatal synaptic rearrangement needed for acquisition of skilled behaviors requires the activity-dependent, non-apoptotic Bax/Bak-caspase signaling cascade. Adult Bax/Bak mutant mice exhibit aberrant co-activation of antagonistic muscle pairs and skilled grasping deficits but normal reaching and retrieval behaviors. PMID: 28472660
9. The authors show that Bak is activated and that activated Bak is bound to p53 during reovirus encephalitis. PMID: 27307572
10. Pancreatic beta-Cell Death due to Pdx-1 Deficiency Requires Multi-BH Domain Protein Bax but Not Bak. PMID: 27137932
11. lipid profile in the absence of the proapoptotic proteins BAX and BAK in mouse embryonic fibroblasts PMID: 26059977
12. alpha1 dissociation is a key step in unfolding Bak into three major components, the N terminus, the core (alpha2-alpha5) and the latch (alpha6-alpha8) that is required for apoptosis. PMID: 25880232
13. BAX and BAK have a nonapoptotic role in eicosanoid metabolism in inflammation. PMID: 25815636
14. Puma is the major mediator of virus-induced Bax/Bak activation and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization induction. PMID: 26030884
15. Motifs of VDAC2 required for mitochondrial Bak import and tBid-induced apoptosis. PMID: 26417093
16. dual ablation of Bax and Bak suppressed ureteral obstruction induced inflammation and kidney fibrosis with decreased tubular cell cycle arrest PMID: 26180237
17. bak therefore regulates gastric epithelial cell apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, mucosal thickness, and susceptibility to gastric atrophy and dysplasia following H. felis infection PMID: 26159699
18. Benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide induced p53-independent necrosis via the mitochondria-associated pathway involving Bax and Bak activation PMID: 24837741
19. MCL1, but not that of BAK, forms stable heterodimeric complexes with cBID in a manner adjustable by membrane cardiolipin content and curvature degree. PMID: 25987560
20. data predict that the MPTP is an inner membrane regulated process, although in the absence of Bax/Bak the outer membrane resists swelling and prevents organelle rupture to prevent cell death PMID: 23991283
21. Abeta oligomers bind to BAK on the membrane and induce apoptotic BAK pores and cytochrome c release PMID: 25296312
22. results suggest that both of PDI and PDIA3 possess Bak-dependent proapoptotic function through inducing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, which provides a new mechanism linking ER chaperone proteins and apoptotic signaling PMID: 25697356
23. Platelet life span was found to be elevated in vavP-BCL-2 mice, which should have provoked thrombocytosis, as in Bak(-/-) mice. PMID: 24464220
24. The ATF3 lies downstream of JNK signaling after TLR engagement, resulting in repression of pro-apoptotic Bak and Bax transcription. PMID: 23697557
25. Data indicate that the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members do not directly inhibit components of the autophagic pathway but instead affect autophagy indirectly, owing to their inhibition of Bax and Bak. PMID: 24912196
26. Gene-knockout studies support a critical role of Bax and Bak in tubular cell apoptosis in ischemic acute kidney injury. PMID: 23466994
27. The results provide further insights into the organization of the BAK oligomeric pores by the BAK homodimers during mitochondrial apoptosis, enabling the proposal of a BAK-induced lipidic pore with the topography of a "worm hole." PMID: 24337568
28. these results provide strong evidence that Puma, like Bim, Noxa, and tBid, is able to act as a direct Bak activator. PMID: 24265320
29. N-Bak mRNA is translationally repressed by multiple mechanisms. PMID: 23969856
30. Data indicate that Mcl-1 deficient embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) reliant only on Bcl-XL for survival, and Bax/Bak deficient MEFs support a mechanism-based induction of apoptosis. PMID: 23767404
31. Combined loss of BOK and BAK does not elicit any noticeable defects, although it remains possible that BOK and BAK have critical roles in developmental cell death. PMID: 23744350
32. Bak apoptotic pore forms by the multimerization of BH3:groove homodimers and reveals that Bak alpha6 is not only important for Bak oligomerization and function but may also be involved in how Bak is activated by BH3-only proteins. PMID: 23893415
33. role of BAX/BAK in long-term regulation of Nestin-positive progenitor cell pools, with loss of function predisposing to adult-onset tumorigenesis. PMID: 22986529
34. Altered mitochondrial morphology and defective protein import in Bax/Bak-deficient mice reveal novel roles for Bax and/or Bak in the skeletal muscle. PMID: 23784543
35. Murine cytomegalovirus-mediated inhibition of the pro-apoptotic Bak protein is required for optimal in vivo replication. PMID: 23468630
36. Demonstrate that P2Y(12) activation protects platelets from apoptosis via PI3k-dependent Bak/Bax inactivation. PMID: 23140172
37. activation of both BAK and BAX is initiated by direct BH3-interaction but at distinct trigger sites. PMID: 23404709
38. Bak plays a critical role while Bax has an ancillary role in safeguarding immunological tolerance and prevention of autoimmune disease. PMID: 23349374
39. The p53-Bak apoptotic signaling axis plays an essential role in regulating lens differentiation. PMID: 22671997
40. BAX/BAK-independent cell death did not require Cyclophilin D (CypD) expression, an important regulator of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore PMID: 22719850
41. Deletion of Bak significantly inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis in Mcl-1 KO mice and reduced the incidence of liver cancer. PMID: 22414765
42. This study showed that denervation-induced muscle disuse activates both apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways in muscle, and autophagic protein expression does not exhibit a compensatory increase in the presence of attenuated apoptosis. PMID: 22673615
43. Withanolide D elicits apoptosis in malignant cells through Bax/Bak dependent pathway in p53-wild type cells, whereas Bak compensates against loss of Bax in p53-null cells PMID: 22479585
44. Results indicate that a protective role for Bak during ionophore-induced cell death may be closely associated with its regulatory effect on maintenance of autophagic flux and vacuole homeostasis. PMID: 22493436
45. Bax and Bak are functionally redundant, but they are counteracted by distinct anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins in different species PMID: 22056880
46. the differential regulation of Bak and Bax by Mcl-1 is predominantly independent of the initial subcellular localizations of Bak and Bax. PMID: 22442658
47. There is strong translational arrest of N-Bak mRNA in the neurons. This arrest is partially mediated by 50-untranslated region of Bak mRNA and it is not released during mitochondrial apoptosis. PMID: 22297299
48. Data suggest that endoplasmic reticulum-localized Bcl2 protects against a Bax/Bak-independent cell death pathway initiated by the p20 fragment of Bap31. PMID: 22197342
49. Studies suggest that BAK/BAX activation and apoptosis are coordinated through BH3-only proteins and a specific lipid milieu that is maintained by heterotypic membrane-mitochondrial interactions. PMID: 22385963
50. Either Bak or Bax is critically required for rapid execution of Fas-mediated massive apoptosis in the liver, delayed onset of mitochondria-independent, caspase-dependent apoptosis develops even in the absence of both. PMID: 21425311

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KEGG: mmu:12018

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000077757

UniGene: Mm.2443