Recombinant Human Interleukin-21 protein(IL21) (Active)

1. There was negative correlation between the expression of IL12 and miR21 in the serum of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. PMID: 30106099
2. IL-21 can potently induce CD11c(hi)T-bet(+) B cells and promote the differentiation of these cells into Ig-secreting autoreactive plasma cells PMID: 29717110
3. IL-21 enhances cartilage inflammation to promote cartilage degradation through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in the cartilage of Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head patients. PMID: 29247327
4. SHP-2 may augment the ERK1/2 activity and cell proliferation activity in IL-21 signaling. PMID: 29503347
5. this study shows that Th9 cells promote antitumor immunity via IL-21 PMID: 28918288
6. AD patients, especially those with acute lesions, exhibited elevated serum IL-21 levels. Therefore, IL-21 might be associated with the acute aggravation of AD. PMID: 27884624
7. Study shows that IL-21 levels were non-specifically elevated across all febrile children, irrespective of Kawasaki disease diagnosis. PMID: 28427414
8. These results suggest that cetuximab treatment in combination with IL-21 adjuvant therapy in patients with EGFR-positive pancreatic cancer results in significant NK cell activation, irrespective of KRAS mutation status, and may be a potential therapeutic strategy PMID: 27435400
9. serum IL-21 levels at 12 weeks treatment was significantly elevated, which can predict the EVR, and contributes to individualization of antiviral therapy in HBeAg-positive CHB+NAFLD patients. PMID: 26840345
10. IL-23 activates gammadelta T cells in early stage PNS, which amplifies the Th17 cell population and leads to kidney injury through the secretion of IL-21. PMID: 29119640
11. IL-21 promotes the survival and CTLA-4 expression of Tregs and enhanced the suppressive capacity of Tregs during HIV infection. These results broaden the understanding of HIV pathogenesis and provide critical information for HIV interventions. PMID: 28043029
12. IL-21 are important in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis PMID: 29131072
13. Data show that interleukin-21-primed cytotoxic T-cell lymphocytes (CTL) with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) blockade is safe and produces durable clinical responses. PMID: 27269940
14. These results indicate that significant increased IL-21 expression present within the adenoma/CRC microenvironment might have a potential predicating significance for survival time in patients with CRC. PMID: 28887120
15. IL-21 modulates the effector functions of T, B and NK cells, which not only have key roles in antitumoral and antiviral immunity but also in exerting major effects on inflammatory responses promoting the development of autoimmune diseases. PMID: 26748727
16. CCL21/IL21-armed oncolytic adenovirus enhances antitumor activity against TERT-positive tumor cells. PMID: 27157859
17. Report efficient retroviral vector transduction of primary human natural killer cells that were stimulated by a combination of IL-2 and engineered K562 cells expressing membrane-bound IL-21 for cancer immunotherapy. PMID: 28802832
18. IL21 reduction in osteosarcoma patients due to PD-1 and pd-L1 mediated follicular helper T cells suppression. PMID: 28650673
19. this study shows that induction of IL-21 in T follicular helper cells is an indicator of influenza vaccine response in a HIV-infected pediatric cohort PMID: 28130496
20. IL-21 levels in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid were associated with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3. PMID: 27733582
21. the elevated level of IL-2+ and IL-21+ T cells and a positive correlation between IL-21+ cells with clinical activity index in ulcerative colitis patients may contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. PMID: 28685527
22. these results demonstrate a novel function for IL-21 in tuning NK and CD4+ T cell interactions promoting a specific expansion of central memory lymphocytes PMID: 27233967
23. Combined IL-21-primed polyclonal CTL plus CTLA4 blockade controls refractory metastatic melanoma in a patient PMID: 27242164
24. Our work suggests that IL-21 regulates megakaryocyte development and platelet homeostasis. Thus, IL-21 may link immune responses to physiological or pathological platelet-dependent processes. PMID: 28057742
25. expression significantly downregulated in skin and blood of patients with tumor mycosis fungoides PMID: 26825047
26. this study shows that Th17/Treg imbalance and increased IL-21 are associated with liver injury in patients with chronic HBV infection PMID: 28259000
27. The findings of the current study indicate an association between IL-21+TFH cells and disease activity. IL-21+TFH levels may prove to be a useful marker of disease activity in OA patients. PMID: 28112376
28. IL-21 is involved in the pathological development of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and IL-21 could aggravate IVD degeneration by stimulating TNF-alpha through the STAT signaling pathway PMID: 28233079
29. Our findings suggest that the rs12508721T/C and rs2221903A/G polymorphisms of IL-21 gene are associated with the susceptibility of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic HBV infection. The genetic variant may in fact cause protection against the HBV-related HCC. PMID: 27122304
30. Hepatitis C virus specific IL-21 producing T cells but not IL-17A producing T Cells are associated with hepatitis C viral control in HIV/ hepatitis C virus coinfection. PMID: 27124305
31. this study shows that the serum levels of IL-21 are higher in Iranian diabetes type I patients compared to the healthy individuals PMID: 27611173
32. We characterized the expressed IL-21 gene from immune tissues of two macropod species, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), a model macropod, and the closely related endangered bridled nailtail wallaby (Onychogalea fraenata). The open reading frame of macropod IL-21 is 462 nucleotides in length and encodes a 153-mer putative protein that has 46% identity with human IL-21. PMID: 27306193
33. The rs2055979 C>A polymorphism of the IL-21 gene is associated with cryptorchidism susceptibility, and the C allele increases the risk of cryptorchidism in a Chinese Han population. PMID: 26990619
34. Polymorphisms in IL21 may be associated with sepsis risk PMID: 27295539
35. review on IL-21 as is a crucial cytokine associated with pemphigus PMID: 26945832
36. There is a strong association between IL2/IL21 rs6822844 variant and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Algerian population; this association is independent from the autoantibodies status of RA patients. PMID: 26917059
37. HCV infection increased the frequency of CD4+CXCR5+ T cells and decreased the frequency of CD27+IgG+ B cells. CD4+CXCR5+ T cells activated CD27+IgG+ B cells via the secretion of IL-21. PMID: 26818544
38. IL-21 exerts major effects on B-cell activation and differentiation or apoptosis during humoral immune responses, and also affects different subtypes of T cells. (Review) PMID: 26466984
39. The results suggest that IL-21 promotes migration and invasion of Rheumatoid arthritis-Fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting IL-21 might be effective for the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 26646950
40. IL-12 induced the generation of IL-21- and IFN-gamma-co-expressing poly-functional CD4+ T cells from human naive CD4+ T cells. PMID: 26566861
41. IL-21 expression is promoted by MEKK4 in malignant T cells and is associated with progression risk in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma PMID: 26802931
42. Human IL-21+IFN-gamma+CD4+ T cells in nasal polyps are regulated by IL-12. PMID: 26239551
43. CD3(+)TCRvbeta11(+) NKT cells from a local site of M. tuberculosis infection produce IL-21, express CXCR5 and CD40L, help B cells to secrete IgG and IgA, and may participate in local immune responses against M. tuberculosis infection. PMID: 26416419
44. IL-21 protein was higher in serum and mRNA and protein were higher in disc tissue of patients with lumbar disc herniation compared to controls. PMID: 26742440
45. both IL-21 rs907715 and rs2221903 polymorphisms may be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility (meta-analysis) PMID: 26345892
46. all Ifng+ T cells produced IL-21, but only a small percentage of highly proliferative Ifng+ T cells maintained a T-bethi phenotype PMID: 26646149
47. increased production in patients with more severe systemic lupus erythematosus PMID: 26358223
48. the minor allele T of both rs6822844 (T vs G, OR = 0.72, 95%CI = 0.67-0.78, P < 0.001) and rs6840978 (T vs C, OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.71-0.83, P < 0.001) in IL21 significantly decreased the risk of celiac disease (Meta-Analysis) PMID: 26535636
49. the ability of IL21 to modulate gene and miRNA expressions in CD40-activated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemiacells, was studied. PMID: 26305332
50. Loss of IL-21 is considered to lead to atrophied germinal centers in multicentric Castleman's disease. PMID: 26377996
51. results suggest that IL-21 could promote rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines PMID: 26482544
52. IL-21 promotes pulmonary arterial hypertension in association with M2 macrophage polarization, downstream of IL-6-signaling. PMID: 25941359
53. Reduced signaling of IL-21 was found in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. PMID: 26055806
54. The data suggested a critical role of IL-21 in breaking immune homeostasis in aplastic anemia by promoting Th17 cells, activating bone marrow T cells and suppressing Tregs. PMID: 25784172
55. IL-21 has multiple effects on Natural killer cell development and functions. PMID: 25758713
56. identified IL-21 as an inducer of IL-22 production in CD4+ T cells in vitro and in vivo PMID: 24796415
57. Elevated follicular helper T cells and expression of IL-21 in thyroid tissues are involved in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease PMID: 25894310
58. IL-21 biology is discussed in this article; and authors highlight its critical role in normal immunity and how dysregulated IL-21 production can lead to immunodeficiency and autoimmune conditions.[Review] PMID: 25801685
59. Our findings suggest that theIL-21 gene plays an important role in susceptibility to DCM as well as in the clinical outcome of this ailment in the Han Chinese population. PMID: 24445858
60. Il21 genotypes rs13143866 AA/rs2221903 TC are risk factors for carrying HBV, and ATA haplotype increases the risk of HBV-related HCC onset in a Chinese population. PMID: 25892873
61. the elevated serum TGF-beta1 and IL-21 levels could contribute to enhanced Th17 cell differentiation in non-segmental vitiligo. PMID: 25604047
62. IL-21 leads to natural killer (NK)-cell-dependent lysis of mantle cell lymphoma cell lines that were resistant to direct cytotoxicity. PMID: 26194763
63. Antigen induced frequencies of pulmonary expressing IL-21 was also significantly lower in pulmonary tuberculosis individuals. PMID: 25343703
64. expression of IL-21 and IL-21R were up-regulated in autoimmune thyroid disease and may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease through augmenting aberrant immune cascade PMID: 25647271
65. Results indicate that increased IL-21 production is likely to be an aetiological factor in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. PMID: 25652388
66. The IL-21 rs907715 polymorphism might be associated with multiple autoimmune diseases susceptibility in Caucasians. (Meta-analysis) PMID: 25074442
67. IL-17A, IL-17F and IL23R polymorphisms have no effect on expression of IL-6, IL-17, IL-21 and TGF-beta1 mRNAs expression in H. pylori-infected gastritis. PMID: 26151690
68. Increased IL-21 level in polyp tissues was associated with disease severity, local B cell activation, and immunoglobulin production, suggesting that IL-21 might play an important role in promoting persistent mucosal inflammation in CRSwNP patients. PMID: 25495679
69. IL-21/IL-21R could act as potential biomarkers presenting early systemic sclerosis skin lesions severity. PMID: 25500255
70. It appears that there is no association of serum IL-21 level with multiple myeloma in contrast to the other cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha. PMID: 24823512
71. It seems that the rs6822844 IL2-IL21 gene cluster polymorphism is of little importance in allograft function after kidney transplantation. PMID: 25377634
72. findings imply that IL-21 positively regulates proinflammatory IFN-gamma(+)CD8(+) T cell responses during the process of chronic HBV infection in humans. PMID: 25243706
73. Interleukin-21 polymorphism is associated with increased susceptibility to ischemic stroke. PMID: 24879484
74. Th17 cells and Th17-related cytokines (IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22) were increased in the intestinal mucosa in active inflammatory bowel disease patients and may play an important role in disease activity and mucosal damage PMID: 25129403
75. CD4+ T cell-derived IL-21 and deprivation of CD40 signaling favor the in vivo development of granzyme B-expressing regulatory B cells in HIV patients. PMID: 25780036
76. We found no evidence that CXCL-10, IL-12 or IL-21 were associated with HBeAg seroconversion following HBV-active cART. PMID: 24430489
77. circulating IL-21 levels may serve as a biomarker of disease activity and better outcome in early phase of rheumatoid arthritis PMID: 24702489
78. Data suggest that interleukin (IL)-21 may be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and antagonizing IL-21 could be a novel strategy for the therapy of RA. PMID: 23176102
79. IL-21 suppresses the development of Th2 cells and functions of polarized Th2 cells. PMID: 25351608
80. Polymorphism in interleukin 21 gene is associated with decreased susceptibility to diffuse large B cell lymphoma. PMID: 25117075
81. our results show for the first time the involvement of IL-21 during the clinical course of DENV infections. IL-21 may play a protective role in the context of the convalescent phase of primary infections and the acute phase of secondary infections. PMID: 24858204
82. Serum IL-21 levels were significantly elevated in patients with Graves disease and decreased after treatment; moreover, IL-21 may be associated with the clinical disease activity. PMID: 24287789
83. These findings suggest that aberrant IL-21 responses may be associated with the progression of chronic hepatitis B. PMID: 24611989
84. IL-21 may act as an important inflammatory mediator in the immunopathogenesis of Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome PMID: 24510007
85. IL-21 signals through the STAT-3 and STAT- 5b signaling pathway in the CIK cell pool. PMID: 24289584
86. involvement of circulating Tfh and IL-21 in the pathogenesis and progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). PMID: 24789434
87. IL-21 receptor has a role in human tendinopathy PMID: 24757284
88. The data suggest that the IL-21 rs907715G/A polymorphism may act as a protective factor of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and might affect the serum level of IL-21. PMID: 25126827
89. serum level of IL-21 may be closely associated with the development and progression of coronary artery disease. PMID: 24673562
90. These findings shed new light on the role of IL-21 in T cell differentiation, and have relevant implications for anti-IL-21 therapy of autoimmune diseases. PMID: 25172491
91. Oestrogen up-regulates IL-21 expression of CD4(+) T cells via MAPK-dependent pathways in SLE patients, which in turn induces increased antibody production by B cells. PMID: 24495300
92. These data suggest that IL-21+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells and elevated serum level of IL-21 may be associated with development of anlylosing spondylitis. PMID: 24187103
93. increased production by CD4+ T cells is characteristic of pediatric celiac disease PMID: 23571506
94. Our study uncovers IL-21 deficiency as a novel cause of early-onset IBD in human subjects accompanied by defects in B-cell development similar to those found in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. PMID: 24746753
95. in vivo expansion and differentiation of human B cells in response to IL-21 PMID: 24214876
96. ). IL-21 related defects may also be associated with reduced natural killer (NK)-cell cytotoxicity and TH17 cytokine production, indicating that abnormalities in the IL-21-IL-21R pathway have profound effects on crucial immune responses. [review] PMID: 24126614
97. IL-21R gene polymorphisms and serum IL-21 levels predict virological response to interferon-based therapy in Asian chronic hepatitis C patients. PMID: 23296193
98. TTA haplotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of SLE. PMID: 24434811
99. Interleukin-21 promoter polymorphism increases the risk of thyroid cancer in Chinese population. PMID: 24389496
100. Tpathogenic role of IL-21 in immune-inflammatory pathologies. [Review] PMID: 23553807

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HGNC: 6005

OMIM: 605384

KEGG: hsa:59067

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000264497

UniGene: Hs.567559