| Function |
Cytokine that binds to and signals through the IL1RL1/ST2 receptor which in turn activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling pathways in target cells. Involved in the maturation of Th2 cells inducing the secretion of T-helper type 2-associated cytokines. Also involved in activation of mast cells, basophils, eosinophils and natural killer cells. Acts as a chemoattractant for Th2 cells, and may function as an 'alarmin', that amplifies immune responses during tissue injury.; In quiescent endothelia the uncleaved form is constitutively and abundantly expressed, and acts as a chromatin-associated nuclear factor with transcriptional repressor properties, it may sequester nuclear NF-kappaB/RELA, lowering expression of its targets. This form is rapidely lost upon angiogenic or proinflammatory activation.
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| Gene References into Functions |
- IL-33 has a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and affects the expression of IL-4, IL-17A, and of hypergammaglobulinemia PMID:
30034292
- The serum levels of IL-33 and IL-31 were significantly up-regulated in both AR and allergic asthma patients compared with normal individuals. PMID:
30301503
- chromatin binding is a post-translational mechanism that regulates the releasability and ST2-mediated bioactivity of IL-33. PMID:
30108214
- Results indicate that the interaction between FLIL33 and IPO5 is localized to a specific segment of the FLIL33 protein, is not required for nuclear localization of FLIL33, and protects FLIL33 from proteasome-dependent degradation. PMID:
29127199
- Data suggest that targeting interleukin 33 (IL-33) may be an effective treatment for sepsis-induced immunosuppression. PMID:
28374774
- Oxidative stress is involved in the expression of IL-33 in airway epithelial cells via MAPK signal pathway and IL-33 expression is augmented during viral infection. PMID:
29587772
- IL-33 expression plays an important role in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp. PMID:
29186722
- IL-33(high) cholangiocarcinomas may represent a unique, less aggressive carcinogenetic process of the large bile ducts PMID:
29675965
- Our data suggest that IL-33 produced by M2 macrophages might contribute to the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD via aberrant activation of Th2 immune responses. PMID:
28205524
- The GLDC/IL33 locus on chromosome 9p24.1 as associated with overall survival in patients with osteosarcoma. PMID:
29210060
- Serum and sputum IL-33 levels were higher in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects with sputum eosinophilia compared to those with a normal eosinophil count. PMID:
29859068
- Studies suggest that IL-33 acts as a possible pathogenic role in allergic diseases mainly by instructing the activation of various ST2-expressing cells and the production of several immune factors. The mechanisms underlying IL-33-mediated inflammation have been immunologically analyzed. However, much remains regarding the accurate functions and underlying mechanisms of the IL-33-ST2 signaling pathway. [review] PMID:
29987222
- Higher IL-33 and lower s-ST2 receptor baseline serum levels were detected in Pru p 3--sensitized allergic patients (SAP). IL-33/s-ST2 ratio is increased in Pru p 3-SAP and more in patients who experienced severe systemic symptoms. PMID:
29774370
- Strong immune reaction to herpes virus infection may depend on strong IL-33 expression in the epidermis, while very weak immune reaction in samples from patients with verruca vulgaris may be due to low or no expression of IL-33 in the lesional epidermis. PMID:
29696682
- data indicate that during acute, resolving colitis, IL-33/ST2 plays a crucial role in gut mucosal healing by inducing epithelial-derived miR-320 that promotes epithelial repair/restitution and the resolution of inflammation. PMID:
30224451
- IL-33 facilitates proliferation of colorectal cancer dependent on COX2/PGE2. IL-33 functions via its receptor ST2 and upregulates COX2 expression through NF-kappaB signaling. Understanding the IL-33 signal transduction in colorectal cancer (CRC)cells provides potential therapeutic targets for clinical treatment PMID:
30119635
- Preincubation of LAD2 cells with the natural flavonoid methoxyluteolin (1-100 mM) inhibits (P < 0.0001) secretion and gene expression of IL-1beta, procaspase-1, and pro-IL-1beta. Mast cell secretion of IL-1beta in response to SP and IL-33 reveals targets for the development of antiinflammatory therapies. PMID:
30232261
- IL-33 could be suggested as a novel biomarker to distinguish different types of Salivary gland tumors PMID:
29991126
- IL-33 can regulate deposition of ECM and promote the process of pulmonary fibrosis by inducing the imbalance between MMP-9 and TIMP-1. PMID:
29417309
- these data demonstrate the expression of IL33 in oral lichen planus lesions PMID:
29633015
- The aim of this study was to explore the possible correlations of serum interleukins and soluble ST2 (sST2) protein with clinical features and inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. PMID:
29798971
- IL-33 may down-regulate CLDN1 expression through the ERK/STAT3 pathway in keratinocytes. PMID:
29534857
- IL-33 promotes Renal Cell Carcinoma cell proliferation and chemotherapy resistance via its receptor ST2 and the JNK signaling activation in tumor cells. PMID:
29763892
- Low IL-33 expression is associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis susceptibility only in females. PMID:
29378942
- High IL33 expression is associated with schistosome infection. PMID:
29554131
- Serum IL-33 levels were significantly higher in patients with Behcet's disease compared to the healthy controls. PMID:
28412856
- In the present review, we have discussed the cellular sources, modes of action and regulation of IL-17 and IL-33 in the context of hypersensitive diseases [Review] PMID:
29153708
- results suggest that IL-33 acts as a cytokine but not as a nuclear factor regulating gene expression in endothelial cells PMID:
27694941
- IL-33 increased IL-10 expression in MFCs via activating ERK 1/2 and STAT3, which subsequently promoted IL-10 transcription and thus contributed to the beneficial effects of IL-33 on MFCs. PMID:
29099095
- IL-33 contributes to hepatic granuloma pathology through induction of M2 macrophages during S. japonicum infection. PMID:
27445267
- Serum levels of ST2, IL-33 and BNP were independent risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention. PMID:
28623858
- Recombinant human IL33 inhibited trophoblast invasion and adhesion, and decreased adhesion and invasionassociated molecules such as integrin alpha4beta1 and CD62L. PMID:
28765940
- TNF synthesis and secretion by mast cells is amplified by interactions of substance P and IL-33. PMID:
28461492
- Interleukin-33 signaling contributes to renal fibrosis following ischemia reperfusion PMID:
28668506
- Findings indicate that IL33 may be involved in the process of glioma cell invasion and migration by upregulating MMP2 and MMP9 via the ST2-NF-kappaB signaling pathway. PMID:
28849217
- IL-33 deficiency in mice does not lessen liver fibrosis during diet-induced steatohepatitis, in contrast to previous studies indicating a deleterious role of exogenous IL-33 in chronic liver injury and experimental NAFLD. PMID:
28611297
- The downregulation of epithelial IL-33 expression may potentially serve as a marker for disease remission in UC together with other biomarkers including mucosal TNF. PMID:
27748438
- Findings indicate that IL-10 act as a negative regulator of IL-33/ST2 signaling pathways in vivo. PMID:
28415811
- Study identify that IL-33 expression is reduced in many carcinomas upon their transition to the metastatic form of disease and, appears to be directly correlated with MHC-I and possibly co-regulated. These results suggest that the down-regulation of IL-33 takes place concomitantly with the transition from primary to metastatic tumors and represents an entirely new form of tumor immune-escape. PMID:
27619158
- The proinflammatory cytokine IL-33 induces differential tissue factor expression and activity in monocyte subsets, as well as the release of procoagulant microvesicless. In this manner, IL-33 may contribute to the formation of a prothrombotic state characteristic for cardiovascular disease. PMID:
28492698
- this review and meta-analysis showed that serum IL33 is a helpful biomarker for early diagnosis of childhood asthma PMID:
28410870
- IL-33 down-regulates the induction of hCAP-18/LL-37 production in human gingival epithelial cells. PMID:
28637951
- We found significantly higher serum IL-33 and soluble ST2 levels in patients with active adult-onset Still's disease. Results indicate that the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of the acute inflammation and skin manifestations associated with adult-onset Still's disease. PMID:
28365573
- IL-33 expression is associated with age and invasive depth of GC patients. PMID:
28000059
- serum levels elevated in both idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and breast cancer PMID:
27780363
- IL-33 induces IL-8 expression via JNK/c-Jun/AP-1 pathway in human vascular endothelial cells, and provides a new insight into the role of IL-33-induced IL-8 in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation PMID:
29373608
- a relationship between glucose homeostasis and the IL-33/ST2 axis after transplantation PMID:
28013014
- The results of the present study indicate that ISTP may inhibit TARC/CCL17 production in human epidermal keratinocytes via the STAT1 signaling pathway and may be associated with the inhibition of IL33 production. PMID:
28447741
- Data suggest that interleukin-33 (IL-33) isoforms activate basophils and mast cells to drive type 2 inflammation in chronic stable asthma. PMID:
27432971
- Through induction of TF in vascular endothelial cells, IL-33 could enhance their thrombotic capacity and thereby might impact on thrombus formation in the setting of atherosclerosis. PMID:
27142573
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