Recombinant Human Chromogranin-A (CHGA)

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Code CSB-YP005344HU
Size $250
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  • (Tris-Glycine gel) Discontinuous SDS-PAGE (reduced) with 5% enrichment gel and 15% separation gel.
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Product Details

Purity
Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Target Names
CHGA
Uniprot No.
Research Area
Cancer
Alternative Names
beta Granin; betagranin (N-terminal fragment of chromogranin A); catestatin; CgA; CHG A; Chga; chromofungin; Chromogranin A; Chromogranin A parathyroid secretory protein 1; Chromogranin A precursor; ChromograninA; CMGA_HUMAN; ER-37; Pancreastatin; Parastatin; Parathyroid secretory protein 1; Pituitary secretory protein I; Secretory protein I; SP I; SP-I; SP1; SPI; vasostatin 2; Vasostatin; Vasostatin I; Vasostatin II; vasostatin-2
Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Source
Yeast
Expression Region
19-457aa
Target Protein Sequence
LPVNSPMNKGDTEVMKCIVEVISDTLSKPSPMPVSQECFETLRGDERILSILRHQNLLKELQDLALQGAKERAHQQKKHSGFEDELSEVLENQSSQAELKEAVEEPSSKDVMEKREDSKEAEKSGEATDGARPQALPEPMQESKAEGNNQAPGEEEEEEEEATNTHPPASLPSQKYPGPQAEGDSEGLSQGLVDREKGLSAEPGWQAKREEEEEEEEEAEAGEEAVPEEEGPTVVLNPHPSLGYKEIRKGESRSEALAVDGAGKPGAEEAQDPEGKGEQEHSQQKEEEEEMAVVPQGLFRGGKSGELEQEEERLSKEWEDSKRWSKMDQLAKELTAEKRLEGQEEEEDNRDSSMKLSFRARAYGFRGPGPQLRRGWRPSSREDSLEAGLPLQVRGYPEEKKEEEGSANRRPEDQELESLSAIEAELEKVAHQLQALRRG
Note: The complete sequence including tag sequence, target protein sequence and linker sequence could be provided upon request.
Mol. Weight
50.9kDa
Protein Length
Full Length of Mature Protein
Tag Info
N-terminal 6xHis-tagged
Form
Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Note: We will preferentially ship the format that we have in stock, however, if you have any special requirement for the format, please remark your requirement when placing the order, we will prepare according to your demand.
Buffer
If the delivery form is liquid, the default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol.
Note: If you have any special requirement for the glycerol content, please remark when you place the order.
If the delivery form is lyophilized powder, the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution
We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.
Troubleshooting and FAQs
Storage Condition
Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Shelf Life
The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Lead Time
3-7 business days
Notes
Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.
Datasheet & COA
Please contact us to get it.
Description

Recombinant Human CHGA Protein is encoded by CHGA gene — recombinant CHGA DNA — that has integrated foreign plasmids into the Yeast genome, the foreign DNA is replicated along with the host DNA. In addition, the expression of foreign proteins requires the use of specialized expression vectors and often necessitates the significant restructuring of the foreign coding sequence. The subsequent expression process includes small-scale expression, protein identification, large-scale expression, and protein purification. The purity of this recombinant CHGA is 90%+.

CHGA is a protein coding gene that encodes Chromogranin-A. According to some studies, CHGA may have the following features.
Coding region polymorphisms did not account for changes in Chga expression or function. CHGA plays a catalytic role in formation of catecholamine storage vesicles and also serves as precursor to the peptide fragment catestatin. a plausible mechanism whereby genetic variation at the CHGA locus eventuates in alterations in human renal function. CHGA promoter polymorphisms and haplotypes present in an Indian population and characterized the functional consequences of a highly prevalent haplotype.

Customer Reviews and Q&A

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 Q&A
Q:

We are interested CSB-YP005344HU, 0.2mg and want to know the highest concentration. Please let me know what’s the highest concentration the lab can offer.

A:
Very nice to receive your inquiry. The range of concentration is generally 0.1-5mg/ml . If you order small size, high concentration is not recommended, because the volume will be too small. The rate of loss will increase largely.
For example, if 200ug, 1mg/ml would be appropriate. It is recommended. Besides, lyophilization is recommended.
Q:

What do you mean by:
“If you order small size, high concentration is not recommended, because the volume will be too small. The rate of loss will increase largely.
Additionally, Eunice has recommended lyophilization. Please confirm:
Has the lab previously successfully lyophilized CSB-YP005344HU?
Additionally, can you please provide an update guide for usual concentration ranges of E. coli, Yeast, Baculovirus and Mammalian protein. The current guide we have must be updated as Eunice has mentioned that the usual concentration of yeast protein is 0.1-5mg/ml . This is different than the information we have.

A:
Thanks for your response. “If you order small size, high concentration is not recommended, because the volume will be too small. The rate of loss will increase largely.
RE: If you order 0.2mg with 5mg/ml concentration, then the volume is 0.04ml. If you order 0.2mg with 1mg/ml concentration (as we suggested in the last email), then the volume is 0.2ml.
A small amount of protein will residue on the inner wall of the vial, and some protein will be lost during the pipetting process, we assume that there is 0.01ml loss during these processes (just an example),then the loss rate of the 5mg/ml concentration protein is 25% (0.01ml/ 0.04ml), and the loss rate of the 1mg/ml concentration protein is 5% (0.01ml/ 0.2ml). I hope that my explanation is clear enough. If not,
I'm glad to give you more explanation.
Additionally, we have recommended lyophilization. Please confirm:
Has the lab previously successfully lyophilized CSB-YP005344HU?
RE: The previous lots of this protein purchased by other customers were all delivered in Liquid Form. So we haven't tried to lyophilize this protein yet,so we haven't perform reconstitution yet.
Additionally, can you please provide an update guide for usual concentration ranges of E. coli, Yeast, Baculovirus and Mammalian protein. The current guide we have must be updated as we have mentioned that the usual concentration of yeast protein is 0.1-5mg/ml . This is different than the information we have.
RE: We confirm the general concentration range of recombinant proteins is as follows. YP & EP: 0.1-2.0mg/ml. BP & MP & CF: 0.1-0.5mg/ml. There is no change of the Concentration Range.
The reason why we provided 0.1-5mg/ml concentration range and recommended Lyophilized Powder (In this way, you can adjust the concentration based on your own demand.) in the last email is that
You emphasized "you want the highest concentration. Please let me know what’s the highest concentration the lab can offer.". Although we have a conventional concentration range, we will try our best
to meet if you requests special concentration.
Pls feel free to contact me if you have further questions.

Target Background

Function
Strongly inhibits glucose induced insulin release from the pancreas.; Inhibits catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons by acting as a non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist. Displays antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus and M.luteus, and Gram-negative bacteria E.coli and P.aeruginosa. Can induce mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines. Acts as a potent scavenger of free radicals in vitro. May play a role in the regulation of cardiac function and blood pressure.; Regulates granule biogenesis in endocrine cells by up-regulating the transcription of protease nexin 1 (SERPINE2) via a cAMP-PKA-SP1 pathway. This leads to inhibition of granule protein degradation in the Golgi complex which in turn promotes granule formation.
Gene References into Functions
  1. Elevated serum CGA was negatively associated with overall survival in men with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. Serum CGA represents a prognostic biomarker that may complement circulating tumor cells enumeration. PMID: 29858590
  2. Patients with higher catestatin levels developed worse ventricular function during the follow-up period. Single-point catestatin was effective to predict LVEDD change. And concurrently increasing catestatin and NT-proBNP levels predicted the highest risk of LV remodeling. This study suggests an important prognostic information of catestatin on LV remodeling. PMID: 28397784
  3. CgA and NSE are clinically valuable tumor markers in neuroblastoma and they merit prospective clinical evaluations as such. PMID: 29737901
  4. Vasostatin-1 is stably overexpressed in serum of patients with ileal and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. PMID: 29723285
  5. Results suggest that severe atopic dermatitis is associated with higher stress levels. Simple salivary CgA measurements may be useful as an objective assessment of patient stress. PMID: 28406540
  6. cardiac atria express but do not secrete CgA into circulation in patients with atrial disease PMID: 28685598
  7. These results suggest that circulating full-length CgA is an important inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth, and that cleavage of its C-terminal region markedly reduces its activity. Pathophysiological changes in CgA blood levels and/or its fragmentation might regulate disease progression in cancer patients. PMID: 27683038
  8. Results show that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients had increased plasma levels of chromogranin A (CgA), compared to normal subjects, particularly those >70-year-old or those treated with proton pump inhibitors. PMID: 27203389
  9. The authors show that CHGA-415 T/C polymorphism is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis in critically ill patients PMID: 28254729
  10. Concurrent increases in plasma BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) and CST levels predicted the highest risk for both all-cause and cardiac deaths in chronic heart failure patients. PMID: 27771336
  11. Full-length CgA is an independent indicator of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery stenosis. PMID: 28190616
  12. Even a single baseline measurement of CgA can be useful in establishing prognosis in this group, if this parameter exceeds its upper normal limit more than tenfold. PMID: 28095720
  13. Compared with chromogranin A, chromogranin B may be more useful during proton pump inhibitor treatment and can detect tumors without liver metastases. PMID: 28334992
  14. Salivary impairments and high levels of CHGA are associated with T2DM patients. In addition, CGHA polymorphisms might be associated with salivary gland hypofunction and higher salivary CHGA production in T2DM patients. This could be a significant insight to establish a role for salivary CHGA as a potential clinical biomarker to T2DM. PMID: 26750135
  15. we could provide evidence that established stress-related biomarkers ET-1, MCP-1, CGA were differentially regulated among patients with AF compared to healthy controls. PMID: 28886122
  16. Combined plasma CgA concentrations and World Health Organization grading may assist in better stratification of PNET patients in terms of the risk of recurrence. PMID: 28043759
  17. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with an early high CGA rise may demonstrate a subgroup with poor outcome due to underlying small cell/neuroendocrine cell transformation. PMID: 28870943
  18. genetic association studies in population in India: Data suggest that common polymorphisms (SNPs) in CHGA promoter are associated with cardiometabolic disorders; c-Rel has a role in activating CHGA promoter haplotype 2 (variant T alleles at -1018 and -57 bp) under basal and pathophysiological conditions. (CHGA = chromogranin A; c-Rel = c-Rel proto-oncogene protein) PMID: 28667172
  19. Multivariate analyses of nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients with both grade and CgA recorded found poorly differentiated tumors and very high CgA negatively impacted survival. PMID: 28501118
  20. High chromogranin A expression is associated with neuroendocrine differentiation in colorectal cancer. PMID: 28351413
  21. Catestatin Gly364Ser Variant Alters Systemic Blood Pressure and the Risk for Hypertension in Human Populations via Endothelial Nitric Oxide Pathway. PMID: 27324226
  22. Plasma catestatin was associated with coronary collateral developments, suggesting a useful biomarker for coronary collateral development and potential target for therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with coronary artery chronic total occlusions (CTO). PMID: 27304618
  23. Increased myocardial CgA glycosylation and impaired CgA processing to catestatin in heart failure be considered detrimental because CST reduces diastolic Ca2+ leak via direct CaMKIIdelta inhibition. PMID: 28209766
  24. Data suggest pancreastatin, a 49 residue post-translational fragment of chromogranin A, as a routinely tested biomarker in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and in particular small bowel NET. PMID: 26684860
  25. Data indicate that measurement of chromogranin A (CgA) alone is sufficient in the management of patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and that routine additional measurement of chromogranin B (CgB) provides little added value. PMID: 26608723
  26. Data show that chrysin suppressed cell proliferation and reducing expression of achaete-scute complex-like 1 (ASCL1) and the neuroendocrine biomarker chromogranin A (CgA). PMID: 26403073
  27. In a Japanese population, the Ser-364 allele was associated with elevated systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, consistent with increased arterial stiffness. PMID: 26211667
  28. ChrA levels were not effective in predicting outcomes or detecting recurrences of Merkel cell carcinoma. PMID: 26299616
  29. Decreased CSF levels of chromogranin A were found in Parkinson disease patients with orthostatic hypotension. PMID: 26359267
  30. In both mice and men the Gly364Ser polymorphism conferred metabolic traits such as elevated HDL and lowered norepinephrine levels; it was associated with superior baroreflex function and therefore better response to stress. PMID: 26556564
  31. In patients with resected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, an elevated preoperative CgA level was negatively associated with disease-free survival and overall survival. PMID: 26850182
  32. In astrocytes from multiple sclerosis white matter lesions the expression of chromogranin A is increased. PMID: 26683597
  33. Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed that ChgA autoantibodies are valuable in the predictive diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), suggesting that serum autoantibodies to ChgA-derived peptides are promising novel markers of NSCLC PMID: 26186986
  34. Diagnostic value of circulating chromogranin a for neuroendocrine tumors PMID: 25894842
  35. Data indicate that ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) colocalizes with chromogranin A and regulates secretion of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and is required for anchorage dependent growth. PMID: 25754106
  36. catestatin plays an important role in the progress of acute myocardial infarction PMID: 25848973
  37. The CHGA 3'-UTR C+87T disrupts an miR-107 motif, with differential effects on CHGA expression, and a cis:trans (mRNA:miR) interaction regulates the association of CHGA with BP and hypertensive nephropathy. PMID: 25392232
  38. Chromogranin A measurements are significantly assay-dependent and caution should be applied in the interpretation of CgA measurement for assessment of neuroendocrine tumor status. PMID: 25532001
  39. Chromogranin A (10-19) and chromogranin A (43-52) were identified as antigens for autoreactive CD8(+) T cells in Type 1 diabetes patients. PMID: 25958206
  40. Vasoconstriction-Inhibiting Factor (VIF), a degradation product of chromogranin A, is a vasoregulatory peptide that modulates the vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II by acting on the angiotensin II type 2 receptor. PMID: 25810338
  41. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome present a low density of CgA compared with controls. PMID: 25174455
  42. Report QT/heart rate variability in a genomically "humanized" chromogranin a monogenic mouse model with hyperadrenergic hypertension. PMID: 24821335
  43. Report fast and reliable measurement of chromogranin A with automated KRYPTOR assay. PMID: 25651748
  44. The study shows that chromogranin A is a useful marker for diagnosing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) in Japanese populations and for distinguishing patients with pNET from patients with other pancreatic diseases. PMID: 25220535
  45. reliable pathologic and circulating maker for diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm PMID: 25501094
  46. a model to explain how the chromogranin A/Catecholamine complex governs the accumulation and exocytosis of secreted amines PMID: 25077558
  47. High serum Chromogranin A levels are associated with low response to chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. PMID: 24741024
  48. Elevated plasma catestatin levels are predictive of malignant arrhythmia in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID: 24631953
  49. Letter: report diagnostic role of chromogranin A immunohistochemistry in hyalinizing trabecular tumor of the thyroid. PMID: 25012947
  50. High serum Chromogranin A levels are associated with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. PMID: 25099181

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Subcellular Location
[Serpinin]: Secreted. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle.; Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, neuronal dense core vesicle. Secreted.
Protein Families
Chromogranin/secretogranin protein family
Tissue Specificity
GE-25 is found in the brain.
Database Links

HGNC: 1929

OMIM: 118910

KEGG: hsa:1113

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000216492

UniGene: Hs.150793

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