Human Glucagon,GC ELISA Kit

Product Details

Citations

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Customer Reviews and Q&A

Target Background

Product Details

Target Name

glucagon

Alternative Names

GCG ELISA Kit; Glicentin related polypeptide ELISA Kit; glicentin-related polypeptide ELISA Kit; GLP-1 ELISA Kit; GLP-1(7-36) ELISA Kit; GLP-1(7-37) ELISA Kit; GLP-2 ELISA Kit; GLP1 ELISA Kit; GLP1; included ELISA Kit; GLP2 ELISA Kit; GLP2; included ELISA Kit; GLUC_HUMAN ELISA Kit; Glucagon ELISA Kit; Glucagon like peptide 1 ELISA Kit; glucagon-like peptide 1 ELISA Kit; Glucagon-like peptide 1; included ELISA Kit; Glucagon-like peptide 2 ELISA Kit; Glucagon-like peptide 2; included ELISA Kit; GRPP ELISA Kit; OXM ELISA Kit; OXY ELISA Kit; preproglucagon ELISA Kit

Abbreviation

GCG

Uniprot No.

P01275

Species

Homo sapiens (Human)

Sample Types

serum, plasma, tissue homogenates

Detection Range

12.9 pg/mL-200 pg/mL

Sensitivity

4.3 pg/mL

Assay Time

1-5h

Sample Volume

50-100ul

Detection Wavelength

450 nm

Research Area

Metabolism

Assay Principle

quantitative

Measurement

Sandwich

Precision

Linearity

To assess the linearity of the assay, samples were spiked with high concentrations of human GC in various matrices and diluted with the Sample Diluent to produce samples with values within the dynamic range of the assay.
	Sample	Serum(n=4)
1:1	Average %	84
	Range %	80-92
1:2	Average %	95
	Range %	91-99
1:4	Average %	97
	Range %	92-102
1:8	Average %	93
	Range %	86-98

Recovery

The recovery of human GC spiked to levels throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated. Samples were diluted prior to assay as directed in the Sample Preparation section.

Sample Type	Average % Recovery	Range
Serum (n=5)	89	85-94
EDTA plasma (n=4)	99	93-104

Typical Data

These standard curves are provided for demonstration only. A standard curve should be generated for each set of samples assayed.

pg/ml	OD1	OD2	Average	Corrected
200	2.534	2.552	2.543	2.514
100	1.312	1.276	1.294	1.265
57.2	0.642	0.614	0.628	0.599
28.6	0.271	0.259	0.265	0.236
12.9	0.122	0.124	0.123	0.094
0	0.028	0.029	0.029

Materials provided

A micro ELISA plate --- The 96-well plate has been pre-coated with an anti-glucagon antibody.
Six vials standard (5ml/bottle)--- Dilute a bottle of the standard at dilution series, read the OD values, and then draw a standard curve.
One vial HRP-conjugated glucagon antibody (6 ml/bottle) --- Bind to the glucagon in the samples or standards and react with the substrate to make the solution chromogenic.
One vial Wash Buffer (20x concentrate) (15 ml/bottle) --- Wash away unbound or free substances.
One vial Substrate A (7ml/bottle) --- Mix with substrate B and then interact with TMB to elicit a chromogenic reaction.
One vial Substrate B (7ml/bottle) --- Mix with substrate A and interact with TMB to elicit a chromogenic reaction.
One vial Stop Solution (7ml/bottle) --- Stop the color reaction. The solution color immediately turns from blue to yellow.
Four Adhesive Strips (For 96 wells) --- Cover the microplate when incubation.
An instruction manual

Materials not provided

A microplate reader capable of measuring absorbance at 450 nm, with the correction wavelength set at 600 nm or 630 nm.
An incubator can provide stable incubation conditions up to 37°C±5°C.
Centrifuge
Vortex
Squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, or automated microplate washer
Absorbent paper for blotting the microtiter plate
50-300ul multi-channel micropipette
Pipette tips
Single-channel micropipette with different ranges
100ml and 500ml graduated cylinders
Deionized or distilled water
Timer
Test tubes for dilution

ELISA Data Analysis

ELISA Standard Curve & Curve Expert software

Troubleshooting
and FAQs

ELISA kit FAQs

Storage

Store at 2-8°C. Please refer to protocol.

Lead Time

3-5 working days after you place the order, and it takes another 3-5 days for delivery via DHL or FedEx

Description

This Human GCG ELISA Kit was designed for the quantitative measurement of Human GCG protein in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. It is a Sandwich ELISA kit, its detection range is 12.9 pg/mL-200 pg/mL and the sensitivity is 4.3 pg/mL .

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Target Background

Function
(From Uniprot)

Plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plays an important role in initiating and maintaining hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes.; Potent stimulator of glucose-dependent insulin release. Also stimulates insulin release in response to IL6. Plays important roles on gastric motility and the suppression of plasma glucagon levels. May be involved in the suppression of satiety and stimulation of glucose disposal in peripheral tissues, independent of the actions of insulin. Has growth-promoting activities on intestinal epithelium. May also regulate the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) via effects on LH, TSH, CRH, oxytocin, and vasopressin secretion. Increases islet mass through stimulation of islet neogenesis and pancreatic beta cell proliferation. Inhibits beta cell apoptosis.; Stimulates intestinal growth and up-regulates villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. The gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the colon is the principal target for GLP-2 action. Plays a key role in nutrient homeostasis, enhancing nutrient assimilation through enhanced gastrointestinal function, as well as increasing nutrient disposal. Stimulates intestinal glucose transport and decreases mucosal permeability.; Significantly reduces food intake. Inhibits gastric emptying in humans. Suppression of gastric emptying may lead to increased gastric distension, which may contribute to satiety by causing a sensation of fullness.; May modulate gastric acid secretion and the gastro-pyloro-duodenal activity. May play an important role in intestinal mucosal growth in the early period of life.

Gene References into Functions

GPR119 is the oleoyl-lysophosphatidylinositol receptor that is required for GLP-1 secretion in enteroendocrine cells. PMID: 29883799
RYGB increased circulating bile acids, ileal Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) and mTORC1 signaling activity, as well as GLP-1 production in both mice and human subjects. Inhibition of ileal mTORC1 signaling by rapamycin significantly attenuated the stimulation of bile acid secretion, TGR5 expression and GLP-1 synthesis induced by RYGB in lean and diet-induced obese mice. PMID: 29859856
Glucagon role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.[review] PMID: 29024725
This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of GLP-1 in the protection against oxidative damage and the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. [review] PMID: 29271910
Study concludes that in healthy subjects, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) increases cardiac output acutely due to a GLP-1-induced vasodilation in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle together with an increase in cardiac work. PMID: 28174344
Chenodeoxycholic acid stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. PMID: 28202805
The results demonstrate that glucagon-like peptide-1 and insulin synergistically and additively activate vagal afferent neurons. PMID: 28624122
DPP-4 activity and GLP-1total levels were higher in patients with microvascular complications associated with T2DM. Contrary to expectations, no negative correlation was seen between GLP-1 and DDP-4 levels. This result suggests the possible inefficacy of DDP-4 activity as a marker to predict in vivo degradation of endogenous GLP-1. PMID: 29061224
Data suggest that cAMP acts as amplifier of insulin secretion triggered by Ca2+ elevation in beta-cells; both messengers are also positive modulators of glucagon release from alpha-cells, but in this case cAMP signaling may be the important regulator and Ca2+ signaling has a more permissive role. [REVIEW] PMID: 28466587
This study provides evidence that, in HepG2 cells, GLP-1 may affect cholesterol homeostasis by regulating the expression of miR-758 and ABCA1. PMID: 29453982
This study reports the transition dipole strengths and frequencies of the amyloid beta-sheet amide I mode for the aggregated proteins amyloid-beta1-40, calcitonin, alpha-synuclein, and glucagon. PMID: 28851219
genetic association studies in population in China: Data confirm that an SNP in an intron of SLC47A1 (rs2289669) is associated with hypoglycemic response to metformin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes; differential increases in basal GLP1 plasma levels are also related to this SNP. (SLC47A1 = solute carrier family 47 member 1; GLP1 = glucagon-like peptide-1) PMID: 28321905
GLP-2 augmented BRIN BD11 beta-cell proliferation, but was less efficacious in 1.1B4 cells. These data highlight the involvement of GLP-2 receptor signalling in the adaptations to pancreatic islet cell stress. PMID: 28746825
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2) stimulates cancer myofibroblast proliferation, migration and invasion; GLP-2 acts indirectly on epithelial cells partly via increased Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) expression in myofibroblasts. PMID: 28363795
Describe model, in which the release of GIP/GLP-1 is stimulated by glucose in the proximal small intestine, and no differences in the secretion dynamics between healthy individuals and patients with T2D are identified after taking differences in glucose profiles into account. PMID: 28374974
the solvent exposure of the two Phe sites along the glucagon sequence was determined, showing that 4F-Phe6 was fully solvent exposed and 4F-Phe22 was only partially exposed PMID: 28508109
Data suggest that dose/intensity-response relationships exist between exercise intensity and total plasma PYY levels, though the effects on total plasma GLP1 levels and hunger perceptions seem unclear. (PYY = peptide YY ; GLP1 = glucagon-like peptide 1) PMID: 27721013
GLP-2 could be considered an hormone causing positive energy balance, which, however has the role to mitigate the metabolic dysfunctions associated with hyper-adiposity. [review] PMID: 27664588
Studies indicate that nutrient-induced glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) response was one of the best predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission after Roux-en-Y-gastric-bypass (RYGB). PMID: 29040429
Insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals is associated with raised fasting GLP-1 levels but reduced GLP-1 responses to meal stimulation. PMID: 29097626
Age-dependent human beta cell proliferation induced by glucagon-like peptide 1 and calcineurin signaling PMID: 28920919
Data suggest early peaks in glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon secretion/blood level together trigger exaggerated insulinotropic response (high insulin secretion/level) to eating and consequent hypoglycaemia in patients with postprandial hypoglycaemia as a postoperative complication following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for obesity complicated by type 2 diabetes; this retrospective cohort study was conducted in London. PMID: 28855269
A common variant, i.e., single nucleotide polymorphism rs6741949, in the DPP4 gene interacts with body adiposity and negatively affects glucose-stimulated GLP-1 levels, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance. PMID: 28750074
Compared with the lean group, the obese group had significantly higher fasting and post-OGTT GIP levels, but similar fasting GLP-1 and significantly lower post-OGTT GLP-1 levels. PMID: 28655715
Hemodialysis improves upper GI symptoms and gastric slow waves in CKD patients. An increase in ghrelin and a decrease in GLP-1 might be involved in the HD-induced improvement in gastric slow waves. PMID: 28566304
Data suggest that, in obesity, serum levels of active GLP1 are down-regulated and serum levels of soluble DPP4 are up-regulated; DPP4 levels correlate negatively with active GLP-1 levels but are positively associated with insulin resistance; thus, DPP4 may be biomarker for insulin resistance. This study was conducted in Malaysia. (GLP1 = glucagon-like peptide 1; DPP4 = dipeptidyl peptidase 4) PMID: 28288852
Insulin resistance, postprandial GLP-1 and adaptive immunity are the main predictors of NAFLD in a homogeneous population at high cardiovascular risk. PMID: 27134062
Data suggest that laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) for morbid obesity improves insulin resistance after either fast or slow feeding/eating; these findings suggest a negligible contribution of anorexigenic gut peptides GLP1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and PYY (peptide YY) from intestinal L cells in response to LSG-induced weight loss. PMID: 27022941
L-trp is a luminal regulator of CCK release with effects on gastric emptying, an effect that could be mediated by CCK. L-trp's effect on GLP-1 secretion is only minor. At the doses given, the two amino acids did not affect subjective appetite feelings. PMID: 27875537
rs12104705 CC genotype associated with both general obesity and abdominal obesity in case of new-onset diabetes PMID: 27998387
The effects of GLP-1-based therapies on blood glucose in type 2 diabetics are not mediated through microvascular responses. PMID: 27562916
Endogenous GLP1 is involved in the central regulation of feeding by affecting central responsiveness to palatable food consumption. PMID: 26769912
secretion of oxyntomodulin in patients with type 2 diabetes is significantly impaired. PMID: 27322465
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Analogues Inhibit Proliferation and Increase Apoptosis of Human Prostate Cancer Cells PMID: 28008585
The GLP-1 secretion after 75 g OGTT was impaired in newly diagnosed T2DM patients, inversely proportional to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, and positively correlated with beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity. PMID: 26739974
GLP-1 secretion increased in response to inflammatory stimuli in humans, which was associated to parameters of glucose metabolism and best predicted by IL6. PMID: 26842302
Among young and healthy adults, GLP-1 levels are strongly and independently related to body fat mass especially in men, but not body mass index or waist circumference. PMID: 25865948
Glucagon circulates in patients without a pancreas and glucose stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract elicits significant hyperglucagonemia in these patients. PMID: 26672094
There is minor contribution of endogenous GLP-1 and GLP-2 to postprandial lipemia in obese men. PMID: 26752550
Data suggest that endocrine responses differ between jejunal and gastric enteral feeding, with higher peak plasma CCK (cholecystokinin), PYY (peptide YY), and GLP-1/2 (glucagon-like peptides 1/2) concentrations being attained after jejunal feeding. PMID: 26762368
Data suggest that capsaicin, an appetite suppressant dietary supplement (here, administered via intraduodenal infusion), does not act via alteration of secretion of satiety hormones GLP-1 (GLP-1) and PYY (peptide YY). PMID: 26718419
Data show that NCI-H716 cells were immunostained for tumor necrosis factor receptor TNFR1, and TNFalpha treatment enhances glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. PMID: 26270730
active GLP-1 produced in the islet stimulates cholecystokinin production and secretion in a paracrine manner via cyclic AMP and CREB. PMID: 25984632
Data suggest that secretion of insulin and glucagon is up-regulated in subjects with type 2 diabetes with dyssomnia as compared to subjects with type 2 diabetes without dyssomnia; those with dyssomnia exhibit prehypertension and insulin resistance. PMID: 25957006
no association of single nucleotide polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility in Chinese population PMID: 25863010
Data suggest plasma GLP1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and PYY (peptide YY) can be regulated by digestion-resistant diet factors; intake of soluble dietary fiber (prebiotic Fibersol-2) in a tea with meal up-regulated plasma GLP1/PYY and decreased hunger. PMID: 25823991
Glucagon has emerged as a key hormone for the regulation of glucose homeostasis and for development of type 2 diabetes. [Review] PMID: 25814364
The PKC-dependent effect of GLP-1 on membrane potential and electrical activity was mediated by activation of Na(+)-permeable TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels by mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) from thapsigargin-sensitive Ca(2+) stores PMID: 26571400
The actions of GLP-2 are transduced by the GLP-2 receptor [GLP-2R], which is localized in the neurons of the enteric nervous system but not in the intestinal epithelium. PMID: 25218018
GLP-1 increases PGC-1(alpha) expression by downregulating miR-23a in liver cells. PMID: 26315270

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Subcellular Location

Secreted.; [Glucagon-like peptide 1]: Secreted.

Protein Families

Glucagon family

Tissue Specificity

[Glucagon]: Secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans.; [Glucagon-like peptide 1]: Secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. Secreted from enteroendocrine L cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Also secreted in selected neuron

Database Links

HGNC: 4191

OMIM: 138030

KEGG: hsa:2641

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000387662

UniGene: Hs.516494

Code	CSB-E09207h
Size	96T,5×96T,10×96T
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Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): CV%<15%

Three samples of known concentration were tested twenty times on one plate to assess.

Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): CV%<15%

Three samples of known concentration were tested in twenty assays to assess.