Product Details

Purity

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Target Names

PKM

Uniprot No.

P14618

Research Area

Signal Transduction

Alternative Names

CTHBP; Cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding protein; KPYM_HUMAN; OIP-3; Opa-interacting protein 3; p58; pkm; PKM1; PKM2; Pyruvate kinase 2/3; Pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme; Pyruvate kinase PKM; THBP1; Thyroid hormone-binding protein 1; Tumor M2-PK

Species

Homo sapiens (Human)

Source

E.coli

Expression Region

2-531aa

Target Protein Sequence

SKPHSEAGTAFIQTQQLHAAMADTFLEHMCRLDIDSPPITARNTGIICTIGPASRSVETLKEMIKSGMNVARLNFSHGTHEYHAETIKNVRTATESFASDPILYRPVAVALDTKGPEIRTGLIKGSGTAEVELKKGATLKITLDNAYMEKCDENILWLDYKNICKVVEVGSKIYVDDGLISLQVKQKGADFLVTEVENGGSLGSKKGVNLPGAAVDLPAVSEKDIQDLKFGVEQDVDMVFASFIRKASDVHEVRKVLGEKGKNIKIISKIENHEGVRRFDEILEASDGIMVARGDLGIEIPAEKVFLAQKMMIGRCNRAGKPVICATQMLESMIKKPRPTRAEGSDVANAVLDGADCIMLSGETAKGDYPLEAVRMQHLIAREAEAAIYHLQLFEELRRLAPITSDPTEATAVGAVEASFKCCSGAIIVLTKSGRSAHQVARYRPRAPIIAVTRNPQTARQAHLYRGIFPVLCKDPVQEAWAEDVDLRVNFAMNVGKARGFFKKGDVVIVLTGWRPGSGFTNTMRVVPVP
Note: The complete sequence may include tag sequence, target protein sequence, linker sequence and extra sequence that is translated with the protein sequence for the purpose(s) of secretion, stability, solubility, etc.
If the exact amino acid sequence of this recombinant protein is critical to your application, please explicitly request the full and complete sequence of this protein before ordering.

Mol. Weight

61.8 kDa

Protein Length

Full Length of Mature Protein

Tag Info

N-terminal 6xHis-tagged

Form

Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Note: We will preferentially ship the format that we have in stock, however, if you have any special requirement for the format, please remark your requirement when placing the order, we will prepare according to your demand.

Buffer

If the delivery form is liquid, the default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol.
Note: If you have any special requirement for the glycerol content, please remark when you place the order.
If the delivery form is lyophilized powder, the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose.

Troubleshooting and FAQs

Protein FAQs

Storage Condition

Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shelf Life

The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.

Lead Time

Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time may differ from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
Note: All of our proteins are default shipped with normal blue ice packs, if you request to ship with dry ice, please communicate with us in advance and extra fees will be charged.

Notes

Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Datasheet & COA

Please contact us to get it.

Description

First, the gene fragment coding for the 2-531aa of human PKM is cloned into a vector. The N-terminal 6xHis-tag gene is also inserted into the vector. Secondly, the recombinant vector is selected and then transfected into the E.coli. Finally, the E.coli cells are cultured to induce the protein expression. The recombinant human PKM protein is isolated from the cell lysate and purified through affinity chromatography. Its purity is up to 85% as measured by SDS-PAGE.

Human PKM is a crucial enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, primarily responsible for catalyzing the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) [1][2]. PKM exists in two major isoforms: PKM1 and PKM2. PKM1 is predominantly expressed in adult muscle and brain tissues, while PKM2 is found in embryonic cells, stem cells, and various tumor cells, reflecting its role in normal and pathological cellular proliferation [2][3].

PKM2's involvement in tumorigenesis is underscored by its expression patterns in various cancers. High levels of PKM2 are often associated with poor prognosis, as they facilitate the metabolic adaptations necessary for rapid cell division and growth in tumors [4]. It also participates in non-metabolic functions, such as regulating cell cycle progression and influencing gene expression through interactions with various signaling pathways [5].

References:
[1] W. Luo and G. Semenza, Emerging roles of pkm2 in cell metabolism and cancer progression, Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 23, no. 11, p. 560-566, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2012.06.010
[2] J. Deng, S. Lu, H. Liu, B. Liu, C. Jiang, Q. Xuet al., Homocysteine activates b cells via regulating pkm2-dependent metabolic reprogramming, The Journal of Immunology, vol. 198, no. 1, p. 170-183, 2017. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1600613
[3] M. Chen, J. Zhang, & J. Manley, Turning on a fuel switch of cancer: hnrnp proteins regulate alternative splicing of pyruvate kinase mrna, Cancer Research, vol. 70, no. 22, p. 8977-8980, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2513
[4] D. Lu, W. Lv, W. Li, & Y. Gao, High pkm2 expression is independently correlated with decreased overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma, Oncology Letters, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9100
[5] Z. Lu, Nonmetabolic functions of pyruvate kinase isoform m2 in controlling cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis, Chinese Journal of Cancer, vol. 32, no. 5, p. 5-7, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5732/cjc.011.10446

Related Products

Target Background

Function

Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP. The ratio between the highly active tetrameric form and nearly inactive dimeric form determines whether glucose carbons are channeled to biosynthetic processes or used for glycolytic ATP production. The transition between the 2 forms contributes to the control of glycolysis and is important for tumor cell proliferation and survival. In addition to its role in glycolysis, also regulates transcription. Stimulates POU5F1-mediated transcriptional activation. Promotes in a STAT1-dependent manner, the expression of the immune checkpoint protein CD274 in ARNTL/BMAL1-deficient macrophages. Also acts as a translation regulator for a subset of mRNAs, independently of its pyruvate kinase activity: associates with subpools of endoplasmic reticulum-associated ribosomes, binds directly to the mRNAs translated at the endoplasmic reticulum and promotes translation of these endoplasmic reticulum-destined mRNAs. Plays a general role in caspase independent cell death of tumor cells.

Gene References into Functions

results reveal that nBP1a/PKM2 interaction activates lipid metabolism genes in cancer cells and that Thr-59 phosphorylation of SREBP-1a plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation. PMID: 29514980
we demonstrated that knockdown of PKM2 can inhibit GC cell proliferation, G1-S phase transition, can, especially, attenuate GC cell migration in vivo and in vitro, per contra, promote the autophagy, which may depend on mediating the PI3K-Akt signaling. PMID: 28588255
PKM1 activated glucose catabolism and stimulated autophagy/mitophagy, favoring malignancy PMID: 29533781
miRNA-139-5p inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and glycolysis in GBC, at least in part, by repressing pyruvate kinase M2 PMID: 30105813
Mammalian target of rapamycin pathway promotes aerobic glycolysis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating pyruvate kinase M2 isoform PMID: 29916308
PKM2 promotes tumor cell exosome release via phosphorylating protein SNAP23. PMID: 28067230
proteins such as MMP2 and MMP9 as well as P38 expression were also affected by the PKM2 expression changes. These results proved that PKM2 could be involved in the progression of bladder cancer by mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway. PMID: 30249877
hypoxic stress in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)cells promoted YAP binding to HIF-1a in the nucleus and sustained HIF-1a protein stability to bind to PKM2 gene and directly activates PKM2 transcription to accelerate glycolysis PMID: 30180863
overexpressed PKM2 led to increased CCND1 and decreased CDKN1A expression, whereas underexpressed PKM2 led to decreased CCND1 and increased CDKN1A expression in ovarian cancer cells. PMID: 29752805
Our current study thus unveils a distinct regulatory function of PKM2, providing new options for therapeutic intervention targeting HIV-1-host interactions. PMID: 29607934
PKM2 as a novel target of RUNX1-ETO and is specifically downregulated in RUNX1-ETO positive AML patients, indicating that PKM2 level might have a diagnostic potential in RUNX1-ETO associated AML. PMID: 28092997
High M2-PK expression is associated with pancreatic cancer and peri-ampullary cancer. PMID: 29540198
The activity of PKM2 was indispensable for the development and metastasis of OS. PMID: 29155364
fFndings demonstrate that mDC activation requires an elevated intrinsic PKM2 level and that PKM2 improves the immune status of patients with SAA by enhancing the functions of mDCs and, consequently, CTLs. PMID: 29636835
EGFR activation results in c-Src-mediated Cdc25A phosphorylation at Y59, which interacts with nuclear pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). PMID: 27485204
Study demonstrate that PKM2 plays an important role in metabolic activities, as well as in the malignancy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. PMID: 29393401
Suggest a critical role for pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 in mediating the interaction between pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic stellate cells. PMID: 29619774
Results show that PK2 expression level is regulated by HSP90 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HSP90 enhances PKM2 stability by inducing the phosphorylation of PKM2 at Thr-328. PMID: 29262861
O-GlcNAcylation is a regulatory mechanism for PKM2 in cancer cells and serves as a bridge between PKM2 and metabolic reprogramming typical of the Warburg effect. PMID: 29229835
Results indicate that PKM2 is positively correlated with Sp1 expression and demonstrate that Sp1 directly regulates its expression in castration-resistant prostate cancer. PMID: 29094170
High PKM2 expression is associated with lung adenocarcinoma. PMID: 28489603
Epigenetic silencing of miR-338 facilitates glioblastoma progression by preventing suppression the PKM2/beta-catenin axis. PMID: 28858851
this study correlates TuM2PK with tumor size, CRP and CA 15-3 in metastatic breast carcinomas. PMID: 28869444
PKM2 modulates the glycolysis and extracellular matrix generation, providing the vital role of PKM2 on osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis and a novel therapeutic target for OA. PMID: 29356574
This work suggested that OA increased PKM1/PKM2 ratio, resulting in HNF-4alpha activation and hepatoma differentiation. PMID: 28726775
the present findings enriched our knowledge by demonstrating a significant association of PKM2 and GLS1 with oxaliplatin-resistance in CRC. PMID: 28498807
Elevated expression of PKM2 is a prognostic factor for poor gallbladder cancer (GBC) clinical outcomes, implied involving of PKM2 in GBC progression. PMID: 27283076
PKM2 knockdown resulted in increased p53 expression and prolonged half-life of p53. PKM2 could directly bind with both p53 and MDM2 and promote MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination. The dimeric PKM2 significantly suppressed p53 expression compared with the other PKM2 mutants. PMID: 27801666
Inhibition of the mTOR pathway abolished TGF-beta1-induced EMT and reduced mTOR/p70s6k signaling, which downregulated PKM2 expression. PMID: 28446743
Study indicates that nitric oxide induces PKM2 nuclear translocation and promotes glycolysis in ovarian cancer cells. PMID: 28380434
Authors report that AKT directly interacts with PKM2 and phosphorylates it at Ser-202, which is essential for the nuclear translocation of PKM2 protein under stimulation of IGF-1. In the nucleus, PKM2 binds to STAT5A and induces IGF-1-stimulated cyclin D1 expression, suggesting that PKM2 acts as an important factor inducing STAT5A activation under IGF-1 signaling. PMID: 27340866
The results suggested that targeting PKM2 with an oncolytic adenovirus produced a strong antitumor effect. PMID: 28569774
our results demonstrated that miR-let-7a inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion by down-regulation of PKM2 in cervical cancer PMID: 28415668
Data show that cytomegalovirus encoded chemokine receptor US28 (US28) signaling in activation of the HIF-1alpha/PKM2 feedforward loop in fibroblasts and glioblastoma cells. PMID: 27602585
High PKM2 expression is associated urothelial tumorigenesis. PMID: 26992222
Report that PKM2 is succinylated at lysine 498 and succinylation increases its activity. SIRT5 binds to, desuccinylates and inhibits PKM2 activity. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreases succinylation and activity of PKM2 by increasing its binding to SIRT5. PMID: 28036303
over-expression of PKM2 is associated with poor prognosis in most solid cancers and it might be a potentially useful biomarker for predicting cancer prognosis in future clinical applications. PMID: 27911861
Interdependence of GLO I and PKM2 in the Metabolic shift to escape apoptosis in GLO I-dependent cancer cells PMID: 29225125
This study demonstrates that lapachol inhibits glycolysis in cancer cells by targeting PKM2. Unlike the previously reported inhibitor shikonin, lapachol does not target mitochondria in tumor cell growth inhibition. PMID: 29394289
In this study, we indicate that P53 (N340Q/L344R) promotes hepatocarcinogenesis through upregulation of PKM2 PMID: 27167190
These findings indicate that shRNA-mediated silencing of PKM2 gene promotes apoptosis and inhibits aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, migration, and invasion in colorectal cancer cells. PMID: 28543190
Due to achieved results concerning expression of PKM2 there is a lack of evidence for its diagnostic and prognostic usage in ovarian cancer. PMID: 29277786
UCP2 stimulates hnRNPA2/B1, GLUT1 and PKM2 expression and sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to glycolysis inhibition. PMID: 27989750
These findings uncover a novel mechanism through which mitochondrial PKM2 phosphorylates Bcl2 and inhibits apoptosis directly. PMID: 28035139
These findings suggested that PKM2 and GLS might play important roles in the proliferation of hypoxic gastric cancer cells PMID: 29032577
demonstrated that lincRNA-p21 blunted the prostate cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenic capacity through down-regulation of PKM2 PMID: 28994148
we demonstrated that SHP-1 dephosphorylates PKM2Y105 to inhibit the Warburg effect and nucleus-dependent cell proliferation, and the dephosphorylation of PKM2Y105 by SHP-1 determines the efficacy of targeted drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment PMID: 26959741
The PKM2-shRNA group exhibited reduced PKM2 mRNA and protein expression, whereas p53 and p21 expression was increased compared with the blank and empty plasmid groups. PMID: 28746922
The CARM1-PKM2 axis serves as a metabolic reprogramming mechanism in tumorigenesis. PMID: 29058718
PKM2 activity is higher in patients with NSCLC than in healthy subjects. The level of PKM2 activity is associated with advanced stage of cancer. PMID: 27683215