Recombinant Mouse Glucagon (Gcg), partial

1. Data suggest that Tas1r2 and Tas1r3 are involved in regulation of Glp1 secretion in enteroendocrine cells; 3DG (3-deoxyglucosone) attenuates high glucose-stimulated Glp1 secretion by antagonizing Tas1r2/Tas1r3 subunits and downstream cAMP signaling. (Tas1r2 = sweet taste receptor subunit Tas1r2; Tas1r3 = sweet taste receptor subunit Tas1r3; Glp1 = glucagon-like peptide-1) PMID: 29277113
2. GPR119 is the oleoyl-lysophosphatidylinositol receptor that is required for GLP-1 secretion in enteroendocrine cells. PMID: 29883799
3. data show that the CREB/CRTC2-dependent transcriptional pathway is critical for regulating glucose homeostasis by controlling production of GLP-1 from the L cells at the level of transcription, maturation, and exocytosis. PMID: 29118086
4. the results of the present study indicated that GLP1 may be a promising target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for HGinduced nephropathy, and may function through the activation of SIRT1 PMID: 29845208
5. this study, we investigated whether glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), hormones produced by alpha cells, contribute to insulin secretion in INS-1 cells, a beta cell line. Co-treatment with glucagon and exendin-4 (Ex-4), a GLP-1 receptor agonist, additively increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells PMID: 29725251
6. results show that glucagon controls gene expression and metabolic zonation in the liver through a counterplay with the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. PMID: 29555772
7. Data (including data from studies using transgenic and knockout mice) suggest that Glp1/Glp1r signaling in insulin-secreting cells plays important role in development of glucose intolerance in obesity; however, Glp1r is not required in insulin-secreting cells for improvement in glucose intolerance after weight loss due to bariatric surgery (here, vertical sleeve gastrectomy). PMID: 29759973
8. Data suggest that metabolism of glutamine and related analogs by Gdh in intestinal L-cells explains why Glp1 secretion, but not that of insulin by pancreatic beta-cells, is activated by these secretagogues. (Gdh = glutamate dehydrogenase; Glp1 = glucagon-like peptide 1) PMID: 29229616
9. Glucokinase governs an alpha-cell metabolic pathway that suppresses secretion at or above normoglycemic levels; abnormal suppression of glucagon secretion deregulates hepatic glucose metabolism and, over time, induces a pre-diabetic phenotype. PMID: 29416045
10. in colonic crypt cultures, the GLP-1 secretion induced by such Gq + Gs GPR40 agonists is indeed inhibited by blockers of both Gq and Gs and is eliminated by combining these. PMID: 27908836
11. Enteric GLP-1 activates NO production by enteric neurons that is impaired in type 2 diabetes. Gut microbiota dysbiosis induces enteric neuropathy. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is responsible for the GLP-1 resistance. PMID: 28467926
12. of glucagon-like peptide-1 in vagotomized mice may prevent VLDL overproduction and insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet. PMID: 29074588
13. beta-cell function, plasma active GLP-1 levels, the GLP-1R pathway in beta cells and L cell differentiation, were investigated. PMID: 27436347
14. The role of syntaxin 1A in GLP1 release from intestinal cells as a response to external stimuli is reported. PMID: 28596237
15. GCG neurons likely stimulate separate populations of downstream cells to produce a change in food intake and glucose homeostasis and that these effects depend on the metabolic state of the animal. PMID: 28218622
16. Together, our data indicate effects of AgoPAMs that go beyond glucose lowering previously observed with GPR40 partial agonist treatment with additional potential for weight loss. PMID: 28292762
17. pancreatic reactivation of Gcg fully restored the effect of exendin-[9-39] to impair both oral and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance. PMID: 28325479
18. These findings suggest that TRPV2 activation via actin reorganization induced by Gq and G12/13 signaling is involved in LPI-stimulated GLP-1 secretion in enteroendocrine L cells. PMID: 28533434
19. These results show novel ex vivo effects of rebaudioside A on enteroendocrine cells of the mouse small intestine and highlight potentially new applications for rebaudioside A in metabolic diseases. PMID: 27798332
20. critical for the regulation of glucagon secretion in response to glucose in obesity PMID: 27547850
21. These results strongly suggest that incretins upregulate the TNF-alpha-stimulated IL6 synthesis in osteoblasts, and that the amplifying effect of incretin is exerted via reducing the IkappaB/NFkappaB pathway through the adenylyl cyclase-cAMP system. PMID: 28204823
22. These results indicated that 5rolGLP-HV had dual-function in treating diabetes and preventing thrombosis. PMID: 26780765
23. Glucagon-like peptide-1 regulates calcium homeostasis and electrophysiological activities in cultured cardiomyocytes. PMID: 26930508
24. GLP-1 release is altered in intestinal cultures from a high fat diet-fed mice. PMID: 26145551
25. Data show that ginsenoside Rg3 stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in NCI-H716 enteroendocrine cells. PMID: 26675132
26. GPR119 in L-cells plays a key role in oral lipid-triggered GLP-1 secretion. PMID: 26144594
27. AMPK antagonizes hepatic glucagon signalling via phosphorylation-induced PDE4B activation PMID: 26952277
28. Deletion of AMPK alpha 1 and alpha 2 in proglucagon-expressing cells results in increased L-cell mass and elevated circulating GLP-1 levels. PMID: 27010458
29. The results suggest that TGR5 activation mediates cross-talk between alpha- and beta-cells by switching from glucagon to GLP-1 to restore beta- cell mass and function under hyperglycemic conditions. PMID: 26757816
30. the acute combined administration of the strongly insulinotropic GLP-1 and glucagon, both in vivo and in vitro, did not induce any additive or synergistic action on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. PMID: 26119909
31. Data (including data from studies in transgenic mice) suggest neurotensin/Nts, GLP-1, and peptide YY are closely co-expressed and co-secreted within enteroendocrine cells in ileum mucosa; however, Nts is stored in distinct/separate secretory granules. PMID: 26469136
32. CEACAM2 regulates insulin secretion, at least in part, by a GLP-1-mediated mechanism, independent of confounding metabolic factors. PMID: 26586918
33. These data suggest that GLP-1 released from NTS neurons can reduce highly palatable food intake by suppressing mesolimbic DA signaling. PMID: 26212334
34. Neuronostatin acts via GPR107 to increase cAMP-independent PKA phosphorylation and proglucagon mRNA accumulation in pancreatic alpha-cells. PMID: 26561648
35. Data indicate that GCGKO mice, lack all proglucagon-derived peptides, including glucagon and GLP-1 are animal model for studying the development, pathogenesis, and metastasis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (panNETs). PMID: 26192435
36. Data show that ileal sections were costained for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor TNFR1. PMID: 26270730
37. Data show that the action of bile acids on -like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion is predominantly mediated by G protein-coupled bile acid receptor GPBAR1 (TGR5) located on the basolateral L-cell membrane. PMID: 26280129
38. The PKC-dependent effect of GLP-1 on membrane potential and electrical activity was mediated by activation of Na(+)-permeable TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels by mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) from thapsigargin-sensitive Ca(2+) stores PMID: 26571400
39. It was suggested that increased ileal GPR119 is a potential mechanism by which GLP-1 secretion is enhanced in apoA-IV-/- mice. PMID: 26294669
40. Hypoxia decreases GLP-1 secretion from the GLUTag cell line, and our findings suggest that the postprandial decrease in oxygen tension in the intestine attenuates GLP-1 secretion. PMID: 25832631
41. In mice, food intake stimulates oxyntomodulin secretion from the gut, which resets liver transcription rhythms via induction of the core clock genes Per1 and 2. PMID: 25821984
42. Suggest that endogenous GLP-2 may act as a protective factor against the dysregulation of the glucose metabolism that occurs in mice fed a high fat diet. PMID: 25967277
43. synaptotagmin-7 is directly activated by GLP-1 signaling and may serve as a drug target for boosting insulin secretion. PMID: 26216970
44. Glucocorticoid receptor activation in GLP-1-producing cells will diminish the secretory responsiveness of these cells to subsequent carbohydrate stimulation leading to diabetes. PMID: 25853863
45. The patterns of colocalisation of the K cell marker, glucagon-like insulinotropic peptide, and the L cell markers, glucagon like peptide-1 and peptide YY, in enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine and colon of mouse and pig, were investigated. PMID: 25378285
46. These data indicate that GLP-1 but not GIP is a key mediator of beta cell mass expansion and related adaptations in pregnancy, triggered in part by generation of intra-islet GLP-1. PMID: 24927416
47. Data suggest that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes potentially mediate insulin resistance through modulation of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in obesity. PMID: 25713030
48. Data suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) may be involved in normal sweet taste signal transmission. PMID: 25678625
49. NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is co-localized with GLP-1 and GIP in small intestinal cells. Data support the hypothesis that nesfatin-1 is present in enteroendocrine cells and that it stimulates incretin secretion. PMID: 25930999
50. results suggest that the fine-turning of GLP-1 secretion from enteroendocrine L cells is established by the balance between alpha1-, alpha2-, and beta-ARs activation PMID: 25843795

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KEGG: mmu:14526

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000099794

UniGene: Mm.45494