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Bones are the hardest organs within the bodies of humans and vertebrate animals, located either internally or on the surface. Due to their diverse forms, intricate structures, and rich composition, bones serve several biological functions, including protecting vital organs, enabling movement, providing body support and structure, hematopoiesis, mineral and fat storage, endocrine regulation, acid-base and calcium balance regulation [1]. Many diseases can affect the skeletal system, including fractures, arthritis, osteoporosis, bone infections, and tumors.
CUSABIO offers a variety of ELISA kits for important enzymes or protein detection involved in the processes of bone biology. These kits assist in a comprehensive understanding of bone formation, remodeling, metabolism, and other related areas in the field of bone biology, thus supporting your research and development efforts for bone-related disease treatments.
The process of bone formation is called ossification. During the embryonic development stage, bone formation mainly occurs through two mechanisms: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification.
Intramembranous ossification primarily occurs in the formation of flat bones, where bone is formed directly from connective tissue, such as mesenchymal tissue. Primitive mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts, which gradually mature to form bone with all its histological characteristics. Several key factors need to be activated during this process, including bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), among others. Among these factors, bone morphogenetic protein is the only growth factor capable of inducing the transformation of tissue cells into osteoblasts.
On the other hand, endochondral ossification occurs in long bones and most other bones in the body. The main difference between the two mechanisms is that endochondral ossification involves the use of calcified cartilage as a template for osteoblasts, unlike intramembranous ossification.
Related targets: BMP, TGF-β, Runx2, Sp7
| Code | Product Name | Sensitivity | Target |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSB-EL002733MO | Mouse Bone morphogenetic protein 1(BMP1) ELISA kit | 7.81 pg/mL | BMP1 |
| CSB-E04508r | Rat Bone morphogenetic protein 2,BMP-2 ELISA Kit | 1.95 pg/mL | BMP2 |
| CSB-EL002739HU | Human Bone morphogenetic protein 3(BMP3) ELISA kit | 3.9 pg/mL | BMP3 |
| CSB-E04511r | Rat Bone morphogenetic protein 4,BMP-4 ELISA Kit | 1.95 pg/mL | BMP4 |
| CSB-E08122h | Human Bone morphogenetic protein 7,BMP-7 ELISA Kit | 3.9 pg/mL | BMP7 |
| CSB-E08125m | Mouse Bone morphogenetic protein 7,BMP-7 ELISA Kit | 0.156 pg/mL | BMP7 |
| CSB-EL002746HU | Human Bone morphogenetic protein 8B(BMP8B) ELISA kit | 2.34 pg/mL | BMP8B |
| CSB-E17529h | Human bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15/GDF-9B)ELISA kit | 3.9 pg/mL | BMP15 |
| CSB-E04516h | Human Bone morphogenetic protein receptor Ⅱ,BMPR-Ⅱ ELISA Kit | 1.56 pg/mL | BMPR2 |
| CSB-EL009343HU | Human Bone morphogenetic protein 3B(GDF10) ELISA kit | 5.8 pg/mL | GDF10 |
| Code | Product Name | Sensitivity | Target |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSB-E12935h | Human Core Binding Factor alpha1 CBFA1/RUNX2 ELISA Kit | 7.8 pg/mL | RUNX2 |
Bone remodeling, as a basic element in skeletal activity, is a process in which old bone tissues are absorbed (osteoclasts) and new bone tissues are formed (osteoblasts) to maintain the stable structure and function of bones. The mutual regulation among osteoblasts, osteoblasts and osteoclasts can maintain the dynamic coupling balance in the process of bone remodeling, in which osteoblasts and osteoclasts play a key role. The purpose of bone remodeling is to regulate calcium homeostasis, repair bone micro-damage caused by daily mechanical pressure, and shape the bone during growth.
Bone matrix is the primary structural component of the skeletal system, composed of a variety of organic and inorganic substances. The organic components are secreted by osteoblasts and consist of 90% collagen, predominantly Type I collagen, and 10% non-collagenous proteins. Non-collagenous proteins include osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, cell adhesion proteins, bone growth factors, and more. While that inorganic component are mainly minerals such as calcium salt and phosphate.
Related targets: BGLAP, CALC(CT), BALP
| Code | Product Name | Sensitivity | Target |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSB-E13345c | Dog Osteocalcin/bone gla protein,OT/BGP ELISA Kit | 0.078 ng/mL | BGLAP |
| CSB-E05129r | Rat Osteocalcin/Bone gla protein,OT/BGP ELISA kit | 31.25 pg/mL | BGLAP |
| CSB-E06917m | Mouse Osteocalcin/Bone gla protein,OT/BGP ELISA kit | 19.5 pg/ml | BGLAP |
| CSB-E05128h | Human Osteocalcin/Bone gla protein,OT/BGP ELISA kit | 7.8 pg/ml | BGLAP |
| CSB-E08210h | Human calcitonin gene related peptide,CGRP ELISA Kit | 0.39 pg/mL | BGLAP |
| CSB-EQ027706MO | Mouse calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) ELISA kit | 3.9 pg/mL | CGRP |
| CSB-E05131h | Human Calcitonin,CT ELISA Kit | 1.172 pg/mL | CALCA |
| CSB-E16438p | Pig calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)ELISA Kit | 7.81 pg/mL | CGRP |
| CSB-E08211r | Rat calcitonin gene related peptide,CGRP ELISA Kit | 1.56 pg/mL | CGRP |
| Code | Product Name | Sensitivity | Target |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSB-E09033h | Human bone alkaline phosphatase,BALP ELISA Kit | 7.8 ng/ml | BALP |
| CSB-E11914m | Mouse Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) ELISA kit | 0.31 ng/mL | BALP |
| CSB-E11865r | Rat bone alkaline phosphatase, BALP ELISA Kit | 3.9 U/L | BALP |
Synthesis: Collagen is a soluble precursor protein. After the synthesis of pro-collagen chains within the cell's ribosomes, they undergo modification and packaging and are then secreted into the extracellular matrix. There, they assemble into mature collagen helices and undergo cross-linking, ultimately forming structurally stable collagen fibers.
Related targets: PICP, HPC III, Col
| Code | Product Name | Sensitivity | Target |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSB-E08082h | Human Collagen Type Ⅰ,Col Ⅰ ELISA Kit | 0.39 ng/mL | Col Ⅰ |
| CSB-E08084r | Rat Collagen Type Ⅰ,Col Ⅰ ELISA Kit | 19.5 pg/mL | Col Ⅰ |
| CSB-E06858Rb | Rabbit Collagen Type Ⅰ,Col Ⅰ ELISA Kit | 0.039 ng/mL | Col Ⅰ |
| CSB-E08087h | Human Collagen Type Ⅱ,Col Ⅱ ELISA Kit | 7.8 pg/mL | Col Ⅱ |
| CSB-E07924r | Rat Collagen Type Ⅲ,Col Ⅲ ELISA KIT | 0.039 ng/mL | Col Ⅲ |
| CSB-E04799h | Human Collagen Type Ⅲ,Col Ⅲ ELISA KIT | 3.12 ng/mL | Col Ⅲ |
| CSB-E07925m | Mouse Collagen Type Ⅲ,Col Ⅲ ELISA KIT | 0.78 pg/mL | Col Ⅲ |
| CSB-E17116h | Human Collagen Type Ⅳ(COL Ⅳ) ELISA Kit | 15.6 pg/mL | Col Ⅳ |
| CSB-EL005715HU | Human Collagen alpha-1(X) chain (COL10A1) ELISA kit | 0.078 ng/mL | COL10A1 |
| CSB-EL005724HU | Human Collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain (COL17A1) ELISA kit | 0.039 ng/mL | COL17A1 |
| CSB-E13445h | Human collagen, type I, alpha 1 (COL1A1) ELISA kit | 0.156 ng/mL | COL1A1 |
| CSB-EL005727MO | Mouse Collagen alpha-1(I) chain (COL1A1) ELISA kit | 0.078 ng/mL | COL1A1 |
| CSB-E12732r | Rat Collagen alpha-1(I) chain (COL1A1) ELISA kit | 0.039 ng/mL | COL1A1 |
| CSB-EL005739HU | Human Collagen alpha-1(II) chain (COL2A1) ELISA kit | 0.078 ng/mL | COL2A1 |
| CSB-E13446h | Human Collagen, type III, alpha 1 (COL3A1)ELISA Kit | 0.039 ng/mL | COL3A1 |
| CSB-EL005741HU | Human Collagen alpha-1(IV) chain (COL4A1) ELISA kit | 7.81 pg/mL | COL4A1 |
| CSB-EL005742HU | Human Collagen alpha-2(IV) chain (COL4A2) ELISA kit | 11.75 pg/mL | COL4A2 |
| CSB-EL005743HU | Human Collagen alpha-3(IV) chain (COL4A3) ELISA kit | 0.039 ng/mL | COL4A3 |
| CSB-E16375h | Human Collagen Type Ⅵ(COLⅥ) ELISA Kit | 7.81 pg/mL | COL6A1 |
| CSB-EQ027853PI | Pig collagen type I (COLI) ELISA kit | 19.5 pg/mL | COLI |
| CSB-E11989h | Human procollagen type III ,HPCⅢ ELISA kit | 25 ng/mL | HPCⅢ |
| CSB-E08079h | Human Carboxyterminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen,PⅠCP ELISA Kit | 15.6 pg/mL | PⅠCP |
Degradation: Collagen is cleaved and degraded by a group of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) as part of the bone remodeling process. This protease can initiate the cleavage of collagen fibers at neutral pH, and is the core of matrix decomposition and bone remodeling.
Related targets: MMP
| Code | Product Name | Sensitivity | Target |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSB-E04672h | Human Matrix metalloproteinase 1,MMP-1 ELISA kit | 0.078 ng/mL | MMP1 |
| CSB-E14057c | Canine Matrix metalloproteinase 1,MMP-1 ELISA kit | 0.04 ng/mL | MMP-1 |
| CSB-E07417m | Mouse matrix metalloproteinase 1,MMP-1 ELISA kit | 11.75 pg/mL | MMP-1 |
| CSB-E04676m | Mouse matrix metalloproteinase 2/Gelatinase A,MMP-2 ELISA kit | 3.9 pg/mL | MMP2 |
| CSB-E07411r | Rat matrix metalloproteinase 2/Gelatinase A,MMP-2 ELISA kit | 0.156 ng/mL | MMP2 |
| CSB-E04675h | Human Matrix metalloproteinase 2/Gelatinase A,MMP-2 ELISA kit | 0.195 ng/mL | MMP2 |
| CSB-E13621c | Dog Matrix metalloproteinase 3,MMP-3 ELISA kit | 0.39 ng/mL | MMP3 |
| CSB-E04678m | Mouse matrix metalloproteinase 3,MMP-3 ELISA kit | 0.078 ng/ml | MMP3 |
| CSB-E07410r | Rat matrix metalloproteinase 3,MMP-3 ELISA kit | 0.39 pg/mL | MMP3 |
| CSB-E07409m | Mouse matrix metallopeptidase 7 (matrilysin, uterine) (MMP7) ELISA kit | 7.81 pg/mL | MMP7 |
| CSB-E04680h | Human Matrix metalloproteinase 8/Neutrophil collagenase,MMP-8 ELISA kit | 9.77 pg/mL | MMP8 |
| CSB-E08008r | Rat matrix metalloproteinase 9/Gelatinase B,MMP-9 ELISA Kit | 0.195 ng/ml | MMP9 |
| CSB-E04673h | Human Matrix metalloproteinase 10,MMP-10 ELISA kit | 19.5 pg/mL | MMP10 |
| CSB-EL014659MO | Mouse Macrophage metalloelastase(MMP12) ELISA kit | 1.95 pg/mL | MMP12 |
| CSB-E13208h | Human Matrix Metalloproteinase 12(MMP-12) ELISA Kit | 0.156 ng/mL | MMP12 |
| CSB-E07412r | Rat matrix metalloproteinase 13,MMP-13 ELISA kit | 23.44 pg/mL | MMP13 |
| CSB-E14220Rb | Rabbit Matrix Metalloproteinase 13,MMP-13 ELISA Kit | 23.44 pg/mL | MMP13 |
| CSB-E14055c | Canine Matrix metalloproteinase 13,MMP-13 ELISA kit | 0.039 ng/mL | MMP-13 |
| CSB-E13157h | Human Matrix Metalloproteinase 14,MMP-14 ELISA Kit | 0.01 ng/ml | MMP14 |
Mineralization is the process in which inorganic salts gradually deposit between collagen protein fibers in the bone matrix. This process renders bone tissue hard and durable while maintaining the calcium-phosphorus balance within the body. Mineralization may require alterations in the accumulation of original fibers and the composition of non-collagenous proteins. Proteins such as Osteopontin (OPN), Bone Sialoprotein (BSP), Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (DMP1), Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), Matrix Extracellular Phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), among others, play crucial roles in calcium deposition within the bone matrix. These proteins collectively belong to the SIBLINGs group. They are detected in many tumors and play essential roles in their malignant transformation, invasion, and metastasis processes, indicating that SIBLINGs hold potential as diagnostic and prognostic tools and as novel therapeutic targets [2–4].
Related targets: OPN, BSP, DMP1, DSPP, MEPE
| Code | Product Name | Sensitivity | Target |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSB-E08392h | Human Osteopontin, OPN ELISA Kit | 0.195 ng/mL | OPN |
| CSB-E12008m | Mouse Bone sialoprotein, BSP ELISA kit | 0.78 pg/mL | BSP |
| Code | Product Name | Sensitivity | Target | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSB-E08490h | Human tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b,TRACP-5b ELISA Kit | 0.078 mIU/mL | ACP5 | Blood indexes of osteoclast activity in human body |
| CSB-E08492m | Mouse tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP-5b) ELISA Kit | 0.02 mIU/mL | ||
| CSB-EL006488HU | Human dystroglycan 1 (dystrophin-associated glycoprotein 1) (DAG1) ELISA kit | 31.25 pg/mL | DAG1 | Maintain structural and functional stability between muscle and bone |
| CSB-E09714h | Human Matrix Gla Protein,MGP ELISA Kit | 1.95 pg/mL | MGP | Regulated mineralization |
| CSB-EL017269MO | Mouse Osteocrin(OSTN) ELISA kit | 3.9 pg/mL | OSTN | Affect bone development and metabolism |
| CSB-E12021h | Human osteocrin,Ostn ELISA kit | 0.078 ng/mL | ||
| CSB-EL017436HU | Human Pappalysin-2(PAPPA2) ELISA kit | 0.5 ng/mL | PAPPA2 | Embryonic development related |
| CSB-E08762m | Mouse osteonectin,ON ELISA Kit | 7.81 pg/mL | SPARC | Inhibit cell adhesion, regulating cell cycle and promote tissue fibrosis |
| CSB-EL022604HU | Human Secreted phosphoprotein 2 (SPP2/SPP24) ELISA kit | 3.9 ng/mL | SPP2 | Participate in bone formation |
| CSB-E04692h | Human Osteoprotegerin,OPG ELISA KIT | 1.95 pg/mL | TNFRSF11B | Osteoprotegerin, inhibiting the activation of osteoclasts |
| CSB-E04693m | Mouse Osteoprotegerin,OPG ELISA KIT | 3.9 pg/mL | ||
| CSB-E07404r | Rat Osteoprotegerin,OPG ELISA KIT | 0.195 ng/ml | ||
| CSB-E13415h | Human Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase(TRAP)ELISA Kit | 0.12 ng/mL | TRAP | Relate to osteoclast function |
| CSB-E08491r | Rat tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b,TRACP-5b ELISA Kit | 0.078 mIU/mL | ||
| CSB-EC013789HU | Human undercarboxylated matrix Gla protein (ucMGP)ELISA kit | 0.039 ng/mL | ucMGP | Regulated mineralization |
References:
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone#Functions
[2] Chaplet M, et al. Expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein in human prostate cancer and its correlation with tumor aggressiveness. Int J Cancer. 2006;118:850–856.
[3] El-Tanani MK, et al. The regulation and role of osteopontin in malignant transformation and cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2006;17:463–474.
[4] Chen J, et al. Bone sialoprotein promotes tumor cell migration in both in vitro and in vivo models. Connect Tissue Res. 2003;44(Suppl 1):279–284.
