GADD45G

The following GADD45G reagents supplied by CUSABIO are manufactured under a strict quality control system. Multiple applications have been validated and solid technical support is offered.

GADD45G Antibodies

GADD45G Antibodies for Homo sapiens (Human)

GADD45G Proteins

GADD45G Proteins for Homo sapiens (Human)

GADD45G Proteins for Bos taurus (Bovine)

GADD45G Proteins for Rattus norvegicus (Rat)

GADD45G Background

GADD45G gene was initially cloned as an IL-2 immediate-early response gene in T-cells [1]. This gene encodes growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma, a member of the GADD45 family proteins associated with cell growth control, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair response. Like other GADD45 proteins, GADD45G is ubiquitously expressed in all normal adult and fetal tissues. GADD45G is regarded to be associated with growth inhibition and apoptosis promotion. For example, GADD45G RNA levels were notably lower in anaplastic cancer cells than that of normal primary cultured thyrocytes [2]. When GADD45G is re-expressed under the mediation of adenovirus, the abnormal proliferation of anaplastic cancer cells was weakened [2]. Moreover, GADD45G has been reported to be deficient in several other tumors, such as pituitary adenomas [3], hepatocellular carcinomas [4], lymphomas, and nasopharyngeal carcinomas [5], and prostate carcinomas [6]. Studies also indicated that transient transfection of GADD45G could induce growth arrest and apoptosis in several tumor cell lines [5-7], further confirming that GADD45G could be a functional tumor suppressor. Contrarily, Ying et al. found that GADD45G is highly sensitive to hypermethylation, which consequently epigenetically eliminated its capacity to serve as a tumor suppressor [5]. Its transcriptional silencing or down-regulation and promoter hypermethylation were frequently detected in tumor cell lines. Additionally, GADD45G is also involved in several different processes, including sexual development [8], human-specific brain development [9], and the cellular stress response [10].

[1] Zhang W, Bae I, et al. Cr6: A Third Member in the Myd118 and Gadd 45 Gene Family Which Functions in Negative Growth Control [J]. Oncogene. 1999;18:4899-4907.
[2] Chung HK, Yi YW, et al. Gadd45gamma Expression Is Reduced in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer and Its Reexpression Results in Apoptosis [J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:3913-3920.
[3] Zhang X, Sun H, et al. Loss of Expression of Gadd45 Gamma, a Growth Inhibitory Gene, in Human Pituitary Adenomas: Implications for Tumorigenesis [J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:1262-1267.
[4] Sun L, Gong R, et al. Gadd45gamma, Down-Regulated in 65% Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hcc) from 23 Chinese Patients, Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Cell Cycle G2/M Arrest for Hepatoma Hep-G2 Cell Lines [J]. Mol Biol Rep. 2003;30:249-253.
[5] Ying J, Srivastava G, et al. The Stress-Responsive Gene Gadd45g Is a Functional Tumor Suppressor, with Its Response to Environmental Stresses Frequently Disrupted Epigenetically in Multiple Tumors [J]. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:6442-6449.
[6] Jiang F, Wang Z. Gadd45γ Is Androgen-Responsive and Growth-Inhibitory in Prostate Cancer Cells [J]. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004;213:121-129.
[7] Zhang W, Hoffman B, et al. Ectopic Expression of Myd118/Gadd45/Cr6 (Gadd45beta/Alpha/Gamma) Sensitizes Neoplastic Cells to Genotoxic Stress-Induced Apoptosis [J]. Int J Oncol. 2001;18:749-757.
[8] Johnen H, González-Silva L, et al. Gadd45g is essential for primary sex determination, male fertility and testis development [J]. PLoS ONE. 8 (3): e58751.
[9] McLean CY, Reno PL, et al. Human-specific loss of regulatory DNA and the evolution of human-specific traits [J]. Nature. 2011, 471 (7337): 216-9.
[10] Liebermann DA, Hoffman B. Gadd45 in the response of hematopoietic cells to genotoxic stress [J]. Blood Cells Mol. 2007, Dis. 39 (3): 329-35.

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