Recombinant Mouse Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 protein (Csf1) comes from an E. coli expression system and covers amino acids 33-262 of the protein. This tag-free version shows purity levels above 95% when checked by SDS-PAGE analysis. The protein appears to be fully biologically active, demonstrating an ED50 of less than 2 ng/ml in murine M-NFS-60 cell proliferation assays. This translates to a specific activity greater than 5.0 × 10^5 IU/mg. Endotoxin levels stay below 1.0 EU/µg, as measured by the LAL method.
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (Csf1) seems to play a critical role in how mononuclear phagocytes are produced, differentiate, and function. The immune system likely depends on this protein for processes like macrophage activation and survival. Research in immunology, hematopoiesis, and cellular biology often turns to Csf1 as a key tool for understanding macrophage-related pathways and how cells interact with each other.
Potential Applications
Note: The applications listed below are based on what we know about this protein's biological functions, published research, and experience from experts in the field. However, we haven't fully tested all of these applications ourselves yet. We'd recommend running some preliminary tests first to make sure they work for your specific research goals.
1. Cell Proliferation and Viability Assays for Macrophage Research
Researchers can use this recombinant mouse Csf1 protein to trigger macrophage proliferation and survival in controlled lab experiments. With its proven biological activity showing an ED50 of less than 2 ng/ml in M-NFS-60 cell proliferation assays, scientists have a reliable tool for studying dose-response relationships in macrophage cell lines. The high specific activity (>5.0 × 10⁵ IU/mg) appears particularly useful for experiments where precise control over growth factor concentrations matters. Low endotoxin levels (<1.0 EU/μg) suggest that any cellular responses observed are likely due to Csf1 activity rather than bacterial contamination.
2. Biochemical Characterization and Receptor Binding Studies
The tag-free design and high purity (>95%) make this recombinant protein well-suited for biochemical studies examining how Csf1 interacts with its receptors and binding kinetics. Scientists might apply this protein in surface plasmon resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry, or competitive binding assays to understand the molecular mechanisms behind Csf1 signaling. The partial protein construct (amino acids 33-262) represents what appears to be a functionally active domain. This could help researchers map critical binding regions and explore structure-function relationships, possibly revealing insights into how macrophage colony-stimulating factor actually works at the molecular level.
3. Antibody Development and Validation
This biologically active recombinant mouse Csf1 may serve as either an immunogen or standard for creating and testing antibodies specific to mouse Csf1. The high purity and defined amino acid sequence (33-262aa) offer a well-characterized antigen for immunization protocols or as a positive control in immunoassays. Research teams can potentially use this protein to confirm antibody specificity, measure binding affinities, and establish standard curves for quantitative immunoassays. The confirmed biological activity also creates opportunities for functional testing of neutralizing antibodies in cell-based assays.
4. Signal Transduction Pathway Analysis
The demonstrated biological activity suggests this Csf1 protein could be valuable for investigating downstream signaling pathways that macrophage colony-stimulating factor activates. Research groups might stimulate cells with this protein and then analyze phosphorylation cascades, gene expression changes, and other molecular events that follow Csf1 receptor activation. Its consistent activity profile allows for reproducible experimental conditions when studying how signal transduction unfolds over time. Because it comes from an E. coli expression system, the protein lacks mammalian post-translational modifications - this may actually be an advantage for mechanistic studies where researchers want a more defined tool.
5. Preclinical Model Development and Validation
This recombinant mouse Csf1 appears suitable for preclinical research models designed to study macrophage biology and immune system function under controlled conditions. Being mouse-specific makes it particularly appropriate for mouse-derived cell culture systems and ex vivo tissue studies. Scientists could potentially use this protein to investigate macrophage differentiation, various activation states, and functional responses under defined conditions. The combination of low endotoxin content and high biological activity suggests it should deliver reliable and reproducible results in sensitive experimental models.
