This kit provides quantitative measurement of mouse TNF (tumor necrosis factor) in biological samples, supporting immunology research where this master pro-inflammatory cytokine drives innate immune signaling, sepsis pathology, and macrophage activation. Because TNF concentrations can shift rapidly and dramatically between baseline and inflammatory states, researchers need an assay that captures both resting and stimulated levels across diverse sample sources.
Detection Range: The 7.8–500 pg/ml range spans from low constitutive TNF levels in naive mouse serum to the elevated concentrations typical of LPS-stimulated macrophage supernatants or acute inflammatory tissue homogenates, minimizing the need for serial dilutions in most endotoxemia or colitis models.
Sensitivity: At 1.95 pg/ml, the assay detects TNF in unstimulated or early-phase samples where circulating concentrations remain near baseline — critical for capturing the onset kinetics of inflammatory responses before peak cytokine release.
Sample Compatibility: Validation across serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, and cell culture supernatants allows researchers to correlate systemic TNF levels with local tissue production and in vitro macrophage or dendritic cell stimulation data within a single experimental framework.
Assay Efficiency: The 1–5 hour protocol requiring only 50–100 µl accommodates time-course studies with repeated bleeds from individual mice, preserving limited sample volumes from peritoneal lavage or bone marrow-derived macrophage cultures.
This kit directly supports studies in experimental sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease models, and TNF-dependent tumor microenvironment characterization.