The recombinant human GDF15 protein with an N-terminal 6xHis tag is produced by co-cloning its gene fragment (198-308aa) with the tag gene into an expression vector. The recombinant vectors are transformed into E. coli cells, which are subsequently grown and induced with IPTG to express the recombinant GDF15. Cells are lysed to release the GDF15 protein, which is then purified using affinity chromatography. The recombinant GDF15 protein is subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis, where the gel confirms that the purity of the final product exceeds 90%.
Human GDF15 is a member of the TGF-β superfamily, which plays a significant role in various physiological and pathological processes. It is primarily produced in the liver, although it is also expressed in other tissues, including the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle [1][2]. GDF15 is known for its involvement in cellular responses to stress, inflammation, and injury, making it a critical biomarker for several diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders [1][3].
GDF15 is well-known for its role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and appetite. It has been shown to influence appetite regulation by acting on the central nervous system, particularly in the hypothalamus, where it can suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus facilitating metabolic adaptations during stress [4][5]. Furthermore, GDF15 levels are elevated in conditions such as obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), suggesting its potential role as a protective mechanism against inflammation and metabolic dysfunction [6][7]. Studies have indicated that GDF15 may enhance hepatic triglyceride export, thereby mitigating liver damage in individuals with NAFLD [6].
GDF15 has been implicated in tumor growth and progression. Research has demonstrated that GDF15 can stimulate the growth and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, highlighting its potential role as a tumor-promoting factor [8]. Additionally, elevated serum levels of GDF15 have been associated with poor prognosis in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where it correlates with disease stage and patient outcomes [9]. This dual role of GDF15 as both a biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in cancer underscores its significance in oncological research.
References:
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