TLR9

TLR9, or Toll-like receptor 9, is a protein encoded by the TLR9 gene and expressed in immune system myeloid cells. It recognizes unmethylated CpG islands in viral or bacterial DNA, activating the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway and triggering an immune response. TLR9 is crucial for the innate immune response to pathogens, particularly DNA virus recognition and elimination. It promotes inflammatory cytokine production, enhances dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation, and activates T and B cells to regulate adaptive immunity. TLR9 is a potential target for immunological research and treatment.