Identify Treg Cells. You Can Do This.The immune system can accurately identify "self" and "non-self", make the body produce protective immune response and realize the monitoring of tumor. Treg cells are regulatory T cells, which are the basic ce...
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CD46, A Complement RegulatorCD46 was discovered in 1986 by Cole et al. using C3b affinity chromatography on peripheral blood lymphocytes [1]. CD46, also known as membrane co-protein (MCP), is a membrane protein. The nucleotide sequence of MCP is ho...
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Costimulatory/Coinhibitory: Is B7-H3 An Enemy or A Friend?In cellular immune response, the proliferation and activation of T cells requires not only the first signal presented by APC or MHC on the surface of tumor cells, but also the second signal provided by costimulatory mole...
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PD-1-- An Important Immune CheckpointProgrammed death-1 (PD-1), also known as CD279, is another important negative costimulatory molecule following the discovery of CTLA4. Its ligand is PD-L1, also known as CD274, which, like PD-1, belongs to the CD28/B7 fa...
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CD22- What A Powerful Co-receptor of B Cell ReceptorOn April 23, 2019, Autolus Therapeutics announced that the FDA had granted the AUTO3 drug name. Autolus Therapeutics is a clinical biopharmaceutical company that develops the next generation of programmed T cell therapie...
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Surface Markers of Natural Killer CellsNK cells, also known as natural killer cells, are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte that is essential for the innate immune system. It was discovered and named in 1975 for its morphological specificity and was developed fro...
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Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein - Astrocyte Specific MarkerGlial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) belongs to class III intermediate filaments (IFs) and is specifically expressed in the cytoplasm of central nervous system astrocytes (AS). It acts as an astrocyte-specific marker. ...
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Homeobox Transcription Factor- NANOGEmbryonic stem cells (ESCs) are stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo. Self-renewal and pluripotency are two distinctive characteristics of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells ...
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Oct4 -- The Gatekeeper of Pluripotency of Embryonic Stem CellsOct4 (octamer-binding transcription factor) is named for its ability to bind to the DNA of the Octamer motif. It is also known as Oct3, POU5F1, Oct-3/4, Otf3 or NF-A3. It is encoded by the POU5F1 gene and belongs to POU ...
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How Do You Get Exosomes?Exosomes were originally regarded as cellular metabolic waste. With the discovery of the antigen-presenting exosomes secreted by B lymphocytes involving anti-tumor responses in 1996 [1]and the exchange of genetic materia...
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