What a Powerful Artifact of DNA Compression - HistoneDo you know that every cell in your body has almost six feet of DNA? The diameter of the largest human cell is just about the width of a hair. Is that thing amazing? Are you interested in how does all that DNA fit inside...
Detailed information

Introduction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Related Signaling PathwaysHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common death-related cancer in the world and the sixth most common tumor. The major risk factors for liver cancer include chronic viral hepatitis, alcoholism, carcinogens ...
Detailed information

What A Paradoxical TNF Signaling Pathway-Based on Different ReceptorsTNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor), a type II transmembrane protein, is a 34kDa multifunctional cytokine with effects on lipid metabolism, coagulation, insulin resistance, and endothelial function. Connecting a wide variety of ...
Detailed information

What Essential Biological Knowledge is Needed for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Research?March 18th of each year is "National Liver Love Day." Liver cancer presents an ongoing global health challenge, with its incidence on the rise across the world. When it comes to liver cancer, we have to mention hepatocel...
Detailed information

The Overview of Fc Receptors- Classification, Related Signaling Pathways and ApplicationRogers Brambell first proposed the idea of a fragment crystallizable (Fc) receptor system for immunoglobulin G (IgG) after the investigation of the transmission of maternal antibodies to fetuses and neonates [1]. Since...
Detailed information

CD Antigens - From Leucocytes Surface Markers to Diagnostic Markers for CancerCD antigens, also known as cell surface antigens of leukocytes or cluster of differentiation, are molecules originally defined as being present on the cell surface of leucocytes and recognized by specific antibody molecu...
Detailed information

A Comprehensive Exploration into Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis was initially described by French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot in 1869, but its recognition significantly increased in the United States when it forced the retirement of the renowned base...
Detailed information

What Is Immune Checkpoint Therapy?Immune checkpoint therapy, mainly including anti‑CTLA‑4 therapy and anti‑PD‑1/PD‑L1 therapy, which targets regulatory pathways in T cells to enhance antitumor immune responses by blocking the inhibitory signals...
Detailed information

What Are Immune Checkpoints?Immune checkpoints, molecules in the immune system, are regulators of immune activation by regulating the antigen recognition of T cell receptor (TCR) in the process of immune response. They play a key role in maintainin...
Detailed information

What Are Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors?Our immune system keeps us from disease, killing bacteria and viruses. T cell is one main type of immune cell. Proteins on the surface of T cells, called immune checkpoints, aim to turn on an immune response or turn it o...
Detailed information