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Tumor Necrosis Factor
Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), partial (Active)

Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), partial (Active)

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Code	CSB-AP004881HU
Abbreviation	Recombinant Human TNF protein, partial (Active)
MSDS	MSDS Datasheet
Size	$290
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Image	(Tris-Glycine gel) Discontinuous SDS-PAGE (reduced) with 5% enrichment gel and 15% separation gel.
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Product Details
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Target Background

Product Details

Purity

≥ 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Endotoxin

Less than 1.0 EU/μg as determined by LAL method.

Activity

The ED50 as determined in a cytotoxicity assay using L‑929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D is 30-150 pg/ml.

Target Names

TNF

Uniprot No.

P01375

Research Area

Cancer

Alternative Names

APC1; APC1 protein; Cachectin; DIF; Differentiation inducing factor; Macrophage cytotoxic factor; Tnf; TNF superfamily member 2; TNF superfamily, member 2; TNF, macrophage derived; TNF, monocyte derived; TNF-a; TNF-alpha; TNFA; TNFA_HUMAN; TNFSF2; Tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily member 2); Tumor necrosis factor alpha; Tumor necrosis factor; Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2; Tumor Necrosis Factor, Membrane Form; Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form

Species

Homo sapiens (Human)

Source

E.coli

Expression Region

57-233aa

Complete Sequence

GPQREEFPRDLSLISPLAQAVRSSSRTPSDKPVAHVVANPQAEGQLQWLNRRANALLANGVELRDNQLVVPSEGLYLIYSQVLFKGQGCPSTHVLLTHTISRIAVSYQTKVNLLSAIKSPCQRETPEGAEAKPWYEPIYLGGVFQLEKGDRLSAEINRPDYLDFAESGQVYFGIIAL

Mol. Weight

21.8 kDa

Protein Length

Extracellular Domain

Tag Info

N-terminal 6xHis-tagged

Form

Lyophilized powder

Buffer

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered 20mM PB, 100mM NaCl, pH 8.0.

Reconstitution

We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.

Troubleshooting and FAQs

Protein FAQs

Storage Condition

Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shelf Life

The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.

Lead Time

Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 5-10 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time may differ from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.

Notes

Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Datasheet & COA

Please contact us to get it.

Description

TNF-α drives NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades central to inflammation, apoptosis, and tumor microenvironment remodeling, making precise recombinant preparations essential for mechanistic studies. This recombinant human TNF-α encompasses the mature extracellular domain (aa 57–233) expressed in *E. coli* with an N-terminal 6xHis tag, and demonstrates potent cytotoxicity against L-929 fibroblasts with an ED50 of 30–150 pg/mL in the presence of actinomycin D—confirming signaling-competent homotrimer formation. Endotoxin levels below 1.0 EU/μg minimize LPS-driven artifacts, which supports use in immune cell activation assays, TNF-α-induced apoptosis studies, NF-κB reporter assays, and in vivo tumor biology models where confounding innate immune stimulation must be excluded. Purity exceeding 95% by SDS-PAGE, combined with this low endotoxin burden, also provides a suitable basis for antibody development workflows and as a reference standard in TNF-α detection ELISAs.

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Target Background

Function

Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective. Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line. Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces GKAP42 protein degradation in adipocytes which is partially responsible for TNF-induced insulin resistance. Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with IL1B and IL6.; The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells.

Gene References into Functions

Genetic predisposition to rheumatoid arthritis in Russian population in the Republic of Karelia is associated with the presence of the GG TNF-alpha genotype. PMID: 30225702
Treatment with 30 microg/ml curcumin also significantly diminishes the protein production of TNFalpha in Behcet's disease patients (p < .01) and healthy controls (p < .05) M1 macrophages. PMID: 29806793
the protective role of the A allele in TNF-alpha 238A/G but not TNF-alpha 308A/G against the occurrence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the Caucasian population (Meta-Analysis) PMID: 30412082
TNF-alpha expressed regionally in Epicardial Adipose Tissue may exert potent effects on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis PMID: 28931782
The effect of the pro-inflammatory diet on concentrations of TNF-alpha was more pronounced in pregnant women reporting higher levels of stress. PMID: 30200631
TNF-alpha -308G/A polymorphism is not associated with the risk to develop of bullous pemphigoid and alopecia areata in our Iranian cohort PMID: 29843231
data support that only the promoter single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1800629 within the TNF-alpha gene is associated with increased risk for developing Graves' disease (GD), especially in European population. Future large-scale studies are required to validate the associations between TNF-alpha gene and GD. PMID: 29440561
We studied 173 polymorphisms to establish an association with the response to anti-TNF drugs in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (N=144). PMID: 27670765
The SNP rs4819554 in the promoter region of IL17RA significantly influences the response to anti-TNF drugs at week 12. PMID: 27670766
TNF-alpha promoter gene polymorphisms and/or haplotypes are risk factors of Nephrotic syndrome and resistance to steroid among Egyptian children PMID: 28803697
The findings of this study demonstrated that polymorphism in TNF-alpha gene might be a risk factor for nasal polyposis in the north part of Iran and the minor frequency of G308A allele in the current study is slightly more than other major populations. PMID: 30003390
results suggest, the interplay of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma derived from CD4+T lymphocytes and TNF-alpha from CD14+ cells has no direct additive impact on parasite replication but induces IL-4 production. PMID: 29953494
The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs361525, rs1800629, and rs17999645 of tumor necrosis factor-alpha were significantly correlated with the diagnosis of cervical cancer PMID: 29940817
Rs11541076 in IRAK3, a negative regulator of TLR signalling, as a predictor of anti-TNF treatment response. PMID: 27698401
In this Brazilian population, TNF and IL17 gene polymorphisms responsible for the expression of important inflammatory cytokines were associated with overall spondyloarthritis and, specifically, with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis, regardless of gender and HLA-B27 PMID: 29849482
by restraining TNFR1 at the cell surface via sialylation, ST6Gal-I acts as a functional switch to divert signaling toward survival. These collective findings point to a novel glycosylation-dependent mechanism that regulates the cellular response to TNF and may promote cancer cell survival within TNF-rich tumor microenvironments. PMID: 29233887
The TNF*A allele confer susceptibility to AIH in the Tunisian patients and is associated with increased production of TNF-alpha. Anti-TNF antibodies could be an alternative to the use of corticotherapy and may avoid the exacerbated immune response in Autoimmune hepatitis. PMID: 29845365
Impairment in TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-17 production upon stimulation with mycobacterial antigens may contribute to the increased susceptibility to M. tuberculosis infection observed in HTLV-1 infected individuals. PMID: 29523325
LL was significantly negatively correlated with PGC-1alpha, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 mRNA expressions. PGC-1alpha mRNA expression levels in paraspinal muscles may be affected by lumbar kyphosis. PMID: 30233161
TNF-alpha-308G>A polymorphism affects the overall survival of cancer patients and is a potential therapeutic target for cancer. PMID: 30407345
Many inflammatory pathologies are now recognized to be driven by aberrant TNF-induced cell death, which, in most circumstances, depends on the kinase Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1). [review] PMID: 29217118
High TNF-alpha expression is associated with retinopathy of prematurity. PMID: 29274846
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha selectively reduces BMPR-II transcription and mediates post-translational BMPR-II cleavage via the sheddases, ADAM10 and ADAM17 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. PMID: 28084316
Polymorphisms of IL-1betab and TNF-a are not a risk of ICC, but an individual with O. viverrini infection has an effect on all genotypes of the TNF-alpha gene that might promote intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma . Primary prevention of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in high-risk areas is based on efforts to reduce O. viverrini infection. PMID: 30139338
In placenta, when gestational age was controlled for, partial correlation revealed a significant positive correlation between TNF-alpha and MMP-9 only in the second trimester. PMID: 28820024
Study shows that in human endometrial stromal cells, high tumor necrosis factor levels negatively affect the insulin action through decreased adiponectin signaling and glucose transporter type 4 protein. This could explain the failures observed in endometrial function of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID: 28946816
Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within P2X4R and two SNPs within CAMKK2 influenced concentrations of TNFalpha in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but these SNP did not associate with risk for HIV-associated sensory neuropathy in South Africans. PMID: 29428485
Results indicated that the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha impairs endothelial tight junctions and promotes monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion by upregulating beta-site amyloid precursor protein enzyme 1 expression through activating PKC signaling and sequentially cleaving alpha-2, 6-sialic acid transferase 1. PMID: 28091531
These findings reveal that PrP enhances the responses to TNF-alpha, promoting proinflammatory cytokine production, which may contribute to inflammation and tumorigenesis. PMID: 28900035
This study found that the protein and mRNA expression levels of the cytokines TNF-alpha is significantly increased. PMID: 28476335
Taking together, these results suggest that Wnt/beta-catenin signal pathway activation-dependent up-regulation of syncytin-1 contributes to the pro-inflammatory factor TNF-alpha-enhanced fusion between oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and endothelial cells. PMID: 28112190
Data suggest that, in children with pediatric obesity, lifestyle weight-loss intervention results in down-regulation of serum cardiotrophin-1 (CTF1), interleukin-6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFA); expression of CTF1, IL6, and TNFA is also down-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after improvement in adiposity, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio. PMID: 28749076
TNFalpha differently regulated the levels of PPARalpha, LXRalpha, and LXRbeta binding to the apoA-I gene promoter in THP-1 cells. Obtained results suggest a novel tissue-specific mechanism of the TNFalpha-mediated regulation of apoA-I gene in monocytes and macrophages and show that endogenous ApoA-I might be positively regulated in macrophage during inflammation. PMID: 29442267
this is the first evidence to suggest that TET2 mutations promote clonal dominance with aging by conferring TNFalpha resistance to sensitive bone marrow progenitors while also propagating such an inflammatory environment. PMID: 29195897
Anti-rotavirus effect of TNF-alpha was achieved by NFkappaB-regulated genes via the activation of classical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling. PMID: 29859235
Results revealed that heterozygous genotype GA of TNF-alpha-238 (rs 361525) SNP significantly increased the risk of adverse-outcome (mortality rate), regardless of organ dysfunction or severity of sepsis. PMID: 29978383
in the patients with primary depression, depressive symptoms were associated with TNF-alpha PMID: 30148175
Addition of TNFalpha to podocytes causes CD80 upregulation, actin reorganization and podocyte injury. PMID: 29022109
The results of the study suggest that the levels of C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are important diagnostic markers of inflammation in patients with chronic pancreatitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PMID: 30280549
TNF-alpha and IL-10 treatment can affect the expression of ICAM-1 and CD31 in human coronary artery endothelial cells. PMID: 29949812
the results of the present study suggested that overexpression of KLF15 in Eahy926 cells exhibited a protective effect against TNFalpha induced dysfunction via activation of Nrf2 signaling and inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB signaling. PMID: 29956764
The present study demonstrated the ability of 30 and 100 ng/ml TIMP3 to attenuate migration and proliferation, and to inhibit the activity of MMP2, MMP9 and TNFalpha secretion of NA SMCs. In conclusion, TIMP3 may be considered a potential therapeutic drug for use in a novel drugeluting stent, to attenuate the progressive dilation of the aortic NA. PMID: 29956789
Elevated A20 promotes TNF-induced and RIPK1-dependent intestinal epithelial cell death PMID: 30209212
TNF-alpha GG genotype at -238 and GG haplotype at positions -308 and -238 were associated with Kawasaki disease in an Iranian population. PMID: 27455075
We have shown that a TNFalpha gene polymorphism, rs1800629, is highly significantly associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis and BMD in the female Han Chinese population PMID: 29481288
allele -308 A TNF-alpha may have a role in progression of rheumatoid arthritis in a North Indian population PMID: 28748515
ATF3 mediates the inhibitory action of TNF-alpha on osteoblast differentiation and that the TNF-alpha-activated JNK pathway is responsible for the induction of Atf3 expression. PMID: 29605296
TNF-alpha, DKK1, and OPG have roles in pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis PMID: 28676900
Btk acts in the TLR7/8 pathway and mediates Ser-536 phosphorylation of p65 RelA and subsequent nuclear entry in primary human macrophages. PMID: 29567473
Results indicated that prolonged tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) exposure could have detrimental consequences to endothelial cells by causing senescence and, therefore, chronically increased TNFalpha levels might possibly contribute to the pathology of chronic inflammatory diseases by driving premature endothelial senescence. PMID: 28045034

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Involvement in disease

Psoriatic arthritis (PSORAS)

Subcellular Location

Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.; [Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.; [Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted.; [C-domain 1]: Secreted.; [C-domain 2]: Secreted.

Protein Families

Tumor necrosis factor family

Database Links

HGNC: 11892

OMIM: 191160

KEGG: hsa:7124

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000398698

UniGene: Hs.241570

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