Human cluster Of differentiation,CD44 ELISA Kit

Code CSB-E11846h
Size 96T,5×96T,10×96T
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Product Details

Target Name
CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)
Alternative Names
LHR ELISA Kit; BA-1 ELISA Kit; CD 44 ELISA Kit; CD44 ELISA Kit; CD44 antigen ELISA Kit; CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) ELISA Kit; CD44 molecule ELISA Kit; CD44_HUMAN ELISA Kit; CDw44 ELISA Kit; CDW44 antigen ELISA Kit; Cell surface glycoprotein CD44 ELISA Kit; chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 8 ELISA Kit; CSPG8 ELISA Kit; ECMR-III ELISA Kit; Epican ELISA Kit; Extracellular matrix receptor III ELISA Kit; GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor ELISA Kit; HCELL ELISA Kit; hematopoietic cell E- and L-selectin ligand ELISA Kit; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan ELISA Kit; Hermes antigen ELISA Kit; homing function and Indian blood group system ELISA Kit; HSA ELISA Kit; HUTCH-I ELISA Kit; HUTCH1 ELISA Kit; HUTCHI ELISA Kit; Hyaluronate receptor ELISA Kit; IN ELISA Kit; INLU-related p80 Glycoprotein ELISA Kit; MC56 ELISA Kit; MDU2 ELISA Kit; MDU3 ELISA Kit; MGC10468 ELISA Kit; MIC4 ELISA Kit; MUTCH I ELISA Kit; MUTCH1 ELISA Kit; PGP-1 ELISA Kit; PGP-I ELISA Kit; PGP1 ELISA Kit; Phagocytic glycoprotein 1 ELISA Kit; Phagocytic glycoprotein I ELISA Kit; Soluble CD44 ELISA Kit
Abbreviation
CD44
Uniprot No.
Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Sample Types
serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates
Detection Range
78 pg/mL-5000 pg/mL
Sensitivity
19.5 pg/mL
Assay Time
1-5h
Sample Volume
50-100ul
Detection Wavelength
450 nm
Research Area
Immunology
Assay Principle
quantitative
Measurement
Sandwich
Precision
Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): CV%<8%      
Three samples of known concentration were tested twenty times on one plate to assess.  
Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): CV%<10%      
Three samples of known concentration were tested in twenty assays to assess.    
             
Linearity
To assess the linearity of the assay, samples were spiked with high concentrations of human CD44 in various matrices and diluted with the Sample Diluent to produce samples with values within the dynamic range of the assay.
  Sample Serum(n=4)  
1:100 Average % 88  
Range % 80-92  
1:200 Average % 98  
Range % 91-105  
1:400 Average % 104  
Range % 92-110  
1:800 Average % 94  
Range % 86-98  
Recovery
The recovery of human CD44 spiked to levels throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated. Samples were diluted prior to assay as directed in the Sample Preparation section.
Sample Type Average % Recovery Range  
Serum (n=5) 95 89-98  
EDTA plasma (n=4) 96 90-100  
             
             
Typical Data
These standard curves are provided for demonstration only. A standard curve should be generated for each set of samples assayed.
pg/ml OD1 OD2 Average Corrected  
5000 2.749 2.733 2.741 2.629  
2500 1.823 1.801 1.812 1.700  
1250 1.072 1.044 1.058 0.946  
625 0.599 0.562 0.581 0.469  
312 0.375 0.354 0.365 0.253  
156 0.241 0.235 0.238 0.126  
78 0.181 0.169 0.175 0.063  
0 0.116 0.108 0.112    
Troubleshooting
and FAQs
Storage
Store at 2-8°C. Please refer to protocol.
Lead Time
3-5 working days after you place the order, and it takes another 3-5 days for delivery via DHL or FedEx
Description

The product CSB-E11846h is a sandwich ELISA kit developed to measure concentrations of human CD44 in serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, or tissue homogenates. This assay uses the sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique in combination with the enzyme-substrate chromogenic reaction to quantify the analyte in the sample. The color develops positively to the amount of CD44 in samples. The color intensity is measured at 450 nm via a microplate reader.

CD44 is a cell surface adhesion molecule overexpressed on cancer stem cells. Upon binding to its ligand hyaluronic acid (HA), CD44 is activated leading to the activation of cell signaling pathways that induce proliferation, increase cell survival, regulate cytoskeletal alterations, and enhance cellular motility. The interaction of CD44 with hyaluronan also contributes to tumor development, metastasis, and expression of the chemoresistant phenotype. In addition to hyaluronan uptake and degradation, CD44 also participates in angiogenesis, wound healing, as well as tissue formation and patterning. CD44 variants (CD44v) are up-regulated in neoplasia and involved in tumor metastasis and aggression.

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Target Background

Function
(From Uniprot)
Cell-surface receptor that plays a role in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration, helping them to sense and respond to changes in the tissue microenvironment. Participates thereby in a wide variety of cellular functions including the activation, recirculation and homing of T-lymphocytes, hematopoiesis, inflammation and response to bacterial infection. Engages, through its ectodomain, extracellular matrix components such as hyaluronan/HA, collagen, growth factors, cytokines or proteases and serves as a platform for signal transduction by assembling, via its cytoplasmic domain, protein complexes containing receptor kinases and membrane proteases. Such effectors include PKN2, the RhoGTPases RAC1 and RHOA, Rho-kinases and phospholipase C that coordinate signaling pathways promoting calcium mobilization and actin-mediated cytoskeleton reorganization essential for cell migration and adhesion.
Gene References into Functions
  1. Interleukin-4 induces a CD44high /CD49bhigh PC3 subpopulation with tumor-initiating characteristics. PMID: 29236307
  2. we demonstrated that miR711mediated downregulation of CD44 expression inhibited EMT of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by downregulating vimentin protein expression and upregulating Ecadherin protein expression through transfection, qRTPCR and western blotting. PMID: 30226620
  3. Expression levels of MACC1, CD44, Twist1, and KiSS-1 are related to duration of overall survival among patients with colonic adenocarcinoma. PMID: 30021598
  4. miR-218-5p was downregulated in invasion front cells and negatively regulates oral squamous cell carcinoma invasiveness by targeting the CD44-ROCK pathway. PMID: 29990854
  5. our study demonstrated that miR-520b inhibits the malignancy of HNC through regulation of cancer stemness conversion by targeting CD44. PMID: 28515423
  6. The work identified two new host factors that may act as receptors for P. falciparum during invasion: CD44 and CD55. (Review) PMID: 29249333
  7. Reports indicate that high CD44 expression in ascites tumor cells (ATC) correlates with CSC and EMT phenotype, both regulated by the tumor microenvironment through several signaling pathways, including the TGF-beta signaling pathway. PMID: 30142697
  8. Data identified Twist1 and CD44 as novel REST targeted genes and provide new insight into the epigenetic regulation of Twist1 and CD44 by REST. PMID: 28256535
  9. Data show increased CD44 levels in ovarian cancer patient samples correlated with enhanced expression of the mesenchymal spliced variant CD44s (standard) and a concurrent decrease in the epithelial variants (CD44v). Moreover, CD44s was upregulated upon TGFbeta1-induced EMT, which was mediated through the downregulation of the splicing factor, ESRP1. Overexpression of CD44s induced EMT, invasion, and chemoresistance. PMID: 29130517
  10. The current evidence suggests that CD44 is an efficient prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer. PMID: 29683068
  11. the CD44-NRF2 axis might be a promising therapeutic target for the control of stress resistance and survival of CD44(high) CSC population within breast tumors. PMID: 29729523
  12. These results reveal a novel positive feedback loop involving CD44S and YAP1, in which CD44S functions as both an upstream regulator and a downstream effector of YAP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 29649630
  13. CHI3L1 expression is a novel biomarker for the prognosis of gastric cancer and these findings have thus identified CHI3L1/CD44 axis as a vital pathway and potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer . PMID: 30165890
  14. The selective binding of HA-CH-NP/siRNA to CD44-positive tumor endothelial cells. PMID: 29890852
  15. Results showed that the expression of IGF1R appears to be highly correlated with the expression of ABCG2 in osteosarcoma and with the expression of CD44 in osteosarcoma patients under age of 10. PMID: 29892839
  16. CD44 Polymorphisms are associated with Gastric Cancer. PMID: 29802692
  17. verification of the presence of stem cell-like cells in the epithelial component through the immunopositivity to Oct-4 and CD44 in benign odontogenic lesions of variable biological behaviors PMID: 29971493
  18. The genotypes CT, CT+TT, TT, and allele T in rs13347 of CD44 may be risk factors for breast cancer. PMID: 29748526
  19. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with lung cancer are different from those in healthy people, and circulating CD44+ and CD54+ lymphocytes seem to be a promising criterion to predict survival in lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy PMID: 29148014
  20. The minority of cancer stem cells would not be detected by immunohistochemistry using panCD44. PMID: 29682524
  21. CD44 regulated TLR2 responses in human macrophages, whereby a reduction in CD44 levels or engagement of CD44 by its ligand (HA) or a CD44-specific Ab reduced NF-kappaB translocation and downstream proinflammatory cytokine production. PMID: 29196459
  22. Our results suggested that CD44 expression could be used as a marker for the prediction of gastric cancer development, particularly in patients with precancerous gastric lesions carrying AG or GG, who were selected to surveillance follow-up for gastric cancer prevention. PMID: 29445738
  23. CD44 polymorphism rs13347 acts as a risk factor for cancer, especially in Chinese, while the minor allele of polymorphism rs11821102 may be associated with a decreased susceptibility to cancer PMID: 28000766
  24. ntermediate Molecular Mass Hyaluronan and CD44 interactions on PMNs potently elicit F-actin cytoskeleton polymerization and p38- and ERK1/2-MAPK phosphorylation to enhance PMN function. PMID: 28730511
  25. CD44v9 in tumor specimens has potential as a novel indicator for identifying a cisplatin-chemoresistant population among urothelial cancer patients. CD44v8-10 contributes to reactive oxygen species defenses, which are involved in chemoresistance, by promoting the function of xCT, which adjusts the synthesis of glutathione. PMID: 29385995
  26. CD44 standard isoform was especially upregulated after high-dose X-ray irradiation. PMID: 29106581
  27. Upregulated miR-373 levels and simultaneously downregulated levels of CD44 and E-cadherin were noted in this study. PMID: 29307338
  28. MiRNA-34a suppresses invasion and metastatic in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating CD44. PMID: 29094237
  29. This study using syngeneic mouse models, which better model the disease in humans than conventional xenografts, suggests that NIR-PIT with anti-CD44-IR700 is a potential candidate for the treatment of Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma PMID: 28923838
  30. miR214 represses endogenous CD44 expression by targeting the 3'untranslated region in HeLa, Raji and Jurkat cells. PMID: 29138813
  31. This analysis indicated that corilagin is mainly involved in the glycolysis pathway. Seahorse XF96 extracellular acidification rate analysis confirmed that corilagin inhibited glycolysis by downregulation of CD44 and STAT3 PMID: 28791374
  32. an important role for HYAL2 in CD44 alternative splicing. PMID: 29162741
  33. CD146 suppresses BC progression as a target of CD44-downstream signaling PMID: 29121955
  34. based on our data, the markers CD44 and CD24 do not reflect the features of CSC and unfavorable prognosis and do not clarify the role and clinical significance of the immunophenotype CD44+/CD24-. PMID: 28967636
  35. CD44s levels correlate with EGFR signature and predict poor prognosis in glioblastomas. PMID: 28716909
  36. This study demonstrated that expression of CD44S and CD44 splice variants CD44V3, CD44V6, and CD44V10 was significantly higher in AD patients compared to non-AD controls PMID: 28550248
  37. Network analysis of overlapping genes revealed the effects on tubulins (Tubb2a, Tubb3, Tubb4b), Nfe2l2, S100a4, Cd44, and Nfkb2, all of which are linked to TBI-relevant outcomes, including epileptogenesis and tissue repair PMID: 27530814
  38. In obese patients, hepatic CD44 was strongly upregulated in NASH patients (p=0.0008) and correlated with NAFLD activity score (NAS) (p=0.001), ballooning (p=0.003), alanine transaminase (p=0.005) and hepatic CCL2 (p<0.001) and macrophage marker CD68 (p<0.001) expression. Correction of NASH was associated with a strong decrease in liver CD44(+) cells. PMID: 28323124
  39. These findings suggest that CD44v and CD44s cells play differently important roles in the progression and metastasis of GBC and the isoform switch triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition PMID: 28677740
  40. Results suggest significant role of CD44 variants (rs13347, rs187115 and rs11821102) in modulating individual's cancer susceptibility in Asians (meta-analysis). PMID: 27521214
  41. CD44v9 may be a good biomarker for prognosis prediction and for chemoprevention or biomarker-driven therapies only for Early Gastric Cancer, and it appeared to be associated with lymph node metastasis PMID: 25779358
  42. Tunicamycin inhibited CD44s overexpression-associated cell migration. PMID: 29377347
  43. Osteopontin and CD44 play important roles in the development and progression of meningioma and can be used as prognostic markers for tumor recurrence and progression as well as therapeutic targets for the development of new drugs. PMID: 29504367
  44. CD24 and CD44 are upregulated in human pancreatic cancer compared to chronic pancreatitis and may be related to the development of pancreatic cancer. PMID: 28659655
  45. our study results showed that CD44v6 is an important regulator of GC tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and survival in an IL-6 mediated, pSTAT3-dependent manner PMID: 28507278
  46. expressed by rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts in a MIF allele-dependent fashion and undergoes functional regulation and activation by autocrine/paracrine MIF PMID: 27872288
  47. Circulating tumor cells expressing cytokeratin and tumor-initiating cell markers, including ALDH, CD133, and CD44, were identified in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. These TIC-like CTCs were associated with poor prognosis after surgical resection and with an increased incidence of tumor recurrence PMID: 27789528
  48. High CD44 expression is associated with renal cell carcinoma. PMID: 27588469
  49. FAM83D promotes HCC recurrence by promoting CD44 expression and CD44+ CSCs malignancy. PMID: 27769048
  50. Intraperitoneal enrichment of cancer stem-like cells, from ovarian cancer cell lines or primary ovarian tumor, provides a rational approach for cancer stem-like cell isolation and characterization using CD44 and prominin-1(CD133) as selection markers. PMID: 27655682

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Subcellular Location
Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Cell projection, microvillus.
Tissue Specificity
Isoform 10 (epithelial isoform) is expressed by cells of epithelium and highly expressed by carcinomas. Expression is repressed in neuroblastoma cells.
Database Links

HGNC: 1681

OMIM: 107269

KEGG: hsa:960

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000398632

UniGene: Hs.502328

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