CCL17: A Chemokine with Multiple Biological Functions1. Overview of CCL17 C-C motif chemokine 17 (also known as TARC) is a chemokine belonging to the CC subfamily, primarily involved in regulating immune cell migration, activation, and inflammato...
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How Do CTLA-4 Inhibitors Work? A Complete Guide for Early-Career ResearchersIn the 1990s, immunologists made an unexpected discovery: sometimes the most effective way to fight cancer isn't to boost immune responses, but to remove the natural controls that keep them in check. Think of th...
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Pioneering CAR-T Cell Therapy: Advancing Personalized Cancer TreatmentEmily Whitehead, diagnosed with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), was the first child to receive CAR-T therapy in 2012 after all standard treatments failed. The CAR-T cell therapy worked on Emily, and she is c...
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EDNRA: A Key Target for Disease-Associated Angioplasty, Tumor Invasion, and Metabolic Regulation1. About EDNRA Endothelin A receptor (Endothelin Receptor Type A, EDNRA), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, is mainly expressed in endothelial and smooth muscle cells an...
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DLL4: A Key Target for Angiogenesis RegulationRecently, Co.unlink Medicines and Compass Therapeutics announced that the phase II/III clinical trials of the VEGF/DLL4 bispecific antibody tovecimig (CTX-009/ES104) for second-line cholangiocarcinoma treatment have reac...
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Decoding Recombinant Protein Expression: Strategic Solutions & Practical InsightsRecombinant protein expression is a cornerstone of biotechnology. It powers drug development, studies in structural biology, and enzyme production. But let’s be honest, how many times have you stared at a gel showing n...
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CEACAM1: An Emerging Multifunctional Target for Cancer-Immune ModulationCarcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CEACAM1), also known as CD66a or Biliary Glycoprotein (BGP), belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is widely present in various cells. It has multiple bi...
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MSTN: A Key Target for Targeted Therapy in Muscle Diseases​Recently, Keros Therapeutics, Inc. announced positive results from the Phase I clinical trial of KER-065 in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which for the first time confirmed its safety in patients with neurom...
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How the Tumor Microenvironment Fuels Cancer's Deadly EvolutionCancer is not an isolated collection of mutated cells. It exists and evolves within a highly dynamic and interactive ecosystem known as the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME surrounds and sustains tumors, playing a c...
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PVR (CD155): A Key Factor in Tumor Immune Evasion and a Novel Therapeutic Target1. Background and Basic Functions of PVR PVR (CD155), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is a cell surface glycoprotein initially identified as the receptor for poliovirus, hence its n...
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