NLRP5

NLRP5, also known as NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 5 (NALP5), Mater protein homolog (MATER), PYPAF8, PAN11, and CLR19.8, is a member of the NLRP protein family. It plays a crucial role in early embryogenesis and is a component of the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC), which is essential for zygote development beyond the first embryonic cell divisions. NLRP5 functions by regulating actin dynamics, forming F-actin cytoplasmic lattices (CPL) in oocytes, and localizing cortical granules to the cortex of oocytes. It is also involved in post-fertilization Ca(2+) release and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) storage.
NLRP5 mutations have been associated with reproductive wastage and multilocus imprinting disorders in humans, including Oocyte/Zygote/Embryo Maturation Arrest 19 and imprinting disorders. Research into NLRP5 has led to potential drug targets for these conditions, with ongoing studies exploring the role of NLRP5 in various signaling pathways and its implications in inflammatory responses and cancer development.