Recombinant Human Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF2) is expressed in E.coli and represents the full length of the mature protein, spanning amino acids 18 to 144. This tag-free protein appears highly pure, with a purity level exceeding 95% as confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis. It demonstrates significant biological activity, with an ED50 of 4-20 pg/ml in a TF-1 cell proliferation assay. The endotoxin level is maintained below 1.0 EU/µg, as measured by the LAL method.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a crucial cytokine involved in hematopoiesis, primarily stimulating the production and differentiation of granulocytes and macrophages. It plays an integral role in immune response modulation and is likely a key factor in various cellular pathways, making it a valuable target for research in immunology and hematological studies.
Potential Applications
Note: The applications listed below are based on what we know about this protein's biological functions, published research, and experience from experts in the field. However, we haven't fully tested all of these applications ourselves yet. We'd recommend running some preliminary tests first to make sure they work for your specific research goals.
1. Cell Proliferation and Viability Assays
This recombinant human GM-CSF can serve as a positive control or test reagent in cell proliferation assays using hematopoietic cell lines, particularly those responsive to GM-CSF stimulation. The confirmed biological activity with an ED50 of 4-20 pg/ml in TF-1 cells demonstrates its potency for dose-response studies. Researchers may apply this protein to investigate GM-CSF-dependent cell growth mechanisms and to validate assay conditions. The high purity (>95%) and low endotoxin levels make it suitable for sensitive cell culture applications where contamination could confound results.
2. Hematopoietic Differentiation Studies
The biologically active GM-CSF can serve as a differentiation factor in studies examining myeloid cell development and maturation pathways. This protein may induce differentiation of precursor cells into granulocytes and macrophages in controlled in vitro systems. The defined activity range allows for precise titration experiments to determine optimal concentrations for specific differentiation protocols. This application appears particularly valuable for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying hematopoietic cell fate decisions and lineage commitment.
3. Receptor Binding and Signaling Pathway Analysis
This recombinant protein can be applied in biochemical assays to study GM-CSF receptor binding kinetics and downstream signaling cascades. The tag-free nature of the protein suggests that binding studies reflect physiologically relevant interactions without potential interference from fusion tags. Researchers can apply this protein in competition binding assays, receptor internalization studies, and signal transduction pathway mapping. The high purity level is essential for accurate quantitative measurements in these mechanistic studies.
4. Antibody Development and Validation
The recombinant GM-CSF can serve as an antigen for developing and characterizing anti-GM-CSF antibodies for research applications. The protein's biological activity provides a functional readout for testing neutralizing antibody efficacy in cell-based assays. This protein may be applied in ELISA development, Western blot validation, and immunoprecipitation experiments. The low endotoxin content suggests that antibody screening and characterization are not compromised by inflammatory responses in cell-based validation systems.
5. Cytokine Network and Immune Cell Interaction Studies
This biologically active GM-CSF can be applied in complex co-culture systems to investigate cytokine networks and immune cell interactions. Researchers can examine how GM-CSF influences the behavior of various immune cell populations and their cytokine production profiles. The protein may be used to study crosstalk between different cell types in inflammatory or immune response models. The confirmed activity in the specified concentration range allows for physiologically relevant dosing in multi-cellular experimental systems.
