KDM1A

KDM1A, histone lysine-specific demethylase 1A, alias LSD1, AOF2, BHC110, is an enzyme encoded by the KDM1A gene in human body, and belongs to the family of lysine-specific demethylases.KDM1A plays a key role in a variety of biological processes including signaling, chromosome remodeling, embryonic development, hematopoiesis, and glycolipid metabolism. Its mechanism of action is mainly to regulate gene expression by removing mono- and bis-methylation modifications of lysine residues at positions 4 and 9 on histone H3, as well as methylation modifications on non-histone substrates.The activity of KDM1A relies on flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a coenzyme, which is catalyzed by a reaction that transfers methyl groups from the substrate to the FAD to generate unstable imine intermediates, which are ultimately hydrolyzed to formaldehyde and water, thus achieving demethylation.

KDM1A has a wide range of biological significance, which participates in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, such as synergizing with the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1α to maintain the glycolysis process in tumor cells and affecting the development of tumors.KDM1A can also, through interactions with other protein complexes, long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, etc. regulating the intracellular process of carcinogenesis. In addition, KDM1A plays a role as a pro-carcinogenic gene in a variety of tumors, and its expression is closely related to tumor development, especially playing an important role in maintaining the Warburg effect in tumor cells. Therefore, KDM1A is an important potential target for clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors.