Programmed death-1 (PD-1), also known as CD279, is another important negative costimulatory molecule. It is a protein in humans that is encoded by PDCD1 gene.
The ligands of PD-1 include: PD-L1 (B7-H1, CD274) and PD-L2 (B7-H2, CD273). The affinity between PD-L2 and PD-1 is 2-6 times that of PD-L1, but PD-L1 is the main ligand of PD-1, which is highly expressed in various malignant tumors. Both ligands are located on the human chromosome 9p24 and share similar extracellular domains. The homology of PD-L1 and PD-L2 is 40%.
PD-1 and its ligands belong to the CD28/B7 superfamily.
PD-1 binds with its main ligand PD-L1 to form the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. The process of the pathway is as follows: After PD-1 binds to its ligand PD-L1, tyrosine in the ITSM domain of PD-1 cytoplasmic region is phosphorylated, and SHP2 phosphatase molecules are recruited to cell membrane. These phosphatases dephosphorylate TCR receptor-associated signaling molecules ZAP70, PKCθ, and CD3ζ near the membrane, thereby inhibiting TCR/CD28 signaling. PD-1 signaling also inhibits CD28 - mediated PI3K activation, thereby reducing Akt phosphorylation and glucose metabolism.
PD-L1/PD-1 signaling pathway regulates T cell activation and inhibits the body's immune response. This makes it play an important protective role in regulating autoimmune tolerance and autoimmune diseases. However, its immunosuppressive effect is also an important factor causing chronic infection and tumor escape.
Current monoclonal antibodies for PD-1 include nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Targeting PD-1 has been applied in many diseases.
More Interesting read related PD-1-- An Important Immune Checkpoint
● Recombinant Human Programmed cell death protein 1(PDCD1),partial (Active) CSB-MP619964HU1
Validated Data
(Tris-Glycine gel) Discontinuous SDS-PAGE (reduced) with 5% enrichment gel and 15% separation gel.
Activity: ①Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized PD-1 at 2 μg/ml can bind Anti-PD-1 recombinant antibody, the EC50 of human PD-1 protein is 6.087-7.854 ng/ml.
Activity: ②Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized PD-1 at 2 μg/ml can bind Nivolumab, the EC50 of human PD-1 protein is 9.713-12.39 ng/ml.
● PDCD1 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA240597A0HU
Validated Data
Positive WB detected in: MCF-7 whole cell lysate.
All lanes: PD1 antibody at 1:2000.
Secondary:
Goat polyclonal to rabbit IgG at 1/50000 dilution,
Predicted band size: 32 KDa,
Observed band size: 32 kDa.
IHC image of CSB-RA240597A0HU diluted at 1:100 and staining in paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue performed on a Leica BondTM system. After dewaxing and hydration, antigen retrieval was mediated by high pressure in a citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Section was blocked with 10% normal goat serum 30min at RT. Then primary antibody (1% BSA) was incubated at 4°C overnight. The primary is detected by a Goat anti-rabbit IgG polymer labeled by HRP and visualized using 0.05% DAB.
The following PDCD1 reagents supplied by CUSABIO are manufactured under a strict quality control system. Multiple applications have been validated and solid technical support is offered.
PDCD1 Antibodies for Homo sapiens (Human)
Code | Product Name | Species Reactivity | Application |
---|---|---|---|
CSB-PA017664GA01HU | PDCD1 Antibody |
Human | ELISA,WB,IHC |
CSB-PA483633 | PDCD1 Antibody |
Human | ELISA,IHC |
CSB-PA619964LD01HU | PDCD1 Antibody, Biotin conjugated |
Human | ELISA |
CSB-PA619964LC01HU | PDCD1 Antibody, FITC conjugated |
Human | |
CSB-PA619964LB01HU | PDCD1 Antibody, HRP conjugated |
Human | ELISA |
CSB-PA619964LA01HU | PDCD1 Antibody |
Human, Mouse | ELISA, WB, IHC, IF |
CSB-RA240597A0HU | PDCD1 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody |
Human | ELISA, WB, IHC |
CSB-MA619964A0m | PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody |
Human | ELISA, WB |
CSB-MA619964A1m | PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody |
Human | ELISA, WB |
PDCD1 Proteins for Homo sapiens (Human)
Code | Product Name | Source |
---|---|---|
CSB-YP619964HU CSB-EP619964HU-B |
Recombinant Human Programmed cell death protein 1 (PDCD1), partial |
Yeast In Vivo Biotinylation in E.coli |
CSB-EP619964HU | Recombinant Human Programmed cell death protein 1 (PDCD1), partial |
E.coli |
CSB-BP619964HU | Recombinant Human Programmed cell death protein 1 (PDCD1), partial |
Baculovirus |
CSB-MP619964HU1 | Recombinant Human Programmed cell death protein 1 (PDCD1), partial (Active) |
Mammalian cell |
PDCD1 ELISA Kit for Homo sapiens (Human)
Code | Product Name | Sample Types | Sensitivity |
---|---|---|---|
CSB-E13643h | Human Programmed Death 1(PD-1)ELISA KIT |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates | 3.9 pg/mL |
PDCD1 ELISA Kit for Mus musculus (Mouse)
Code | Product Name | Sample Types | Sensitivity |
---|---|---|---|
CSB-E13586m | Mouse Programmed Death 1(PD-1)ELISA Kit |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates | 0.078 ng/mL |