SRXN1

Sulfiredoxin-1 (SRXN1), also termed SRX or sulfiredoxin, is a redox-sensitive enzyme critical for maintaining cellular oxidative homeostasis. It specifically reduces hyperoxidized peroxiredoxins (Prxs) by repairing their cysteine sulfinic acid residues, thereby reactivating these key antioxidant proteins in response to hydrogen peroxide or peroxynitrite stress. SRXN1 operates within the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE signaling axis, a master regulator of antioxidant responses, and modulates pathways linked to apoptosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. Dysregulation of SRXN1 has been implicated in Parkinson's disease progression through dopaminergic neuron vulnerability, chemoresistance in cancers via enhanced oxidative stress adaptation, and pulmonary fibrosis due to redox imbalance. While no direct SRXN1-targeted therapies exist, pharmacological Nrf2 activators (e.g., dimethyl fumarate) demonstrate therapeutic potential by upregulating SRXN1 expression. Recent studies explore its role as a biomarker for oxidative damage severity and treatment response in neurodegenerative disorders.